Nucleic acid (NA) extraction and purification has become a common technique in both research and clinical laboratories. Current methods require repetitive wash steps with a pipet that are laborious and time-consuming, making the procedure inefficient for clinical settings. We present here a simple technique that relies on spontaneous biphasic plug flow inside a capillary to achieve sample prepa...

Melt flow in continuous casting tundishes is normal[y characterized by a combined model. The model is used to analyze the residence time disttibution of fluid in a tundish, In this model, the fluid volume in tundish is considered to be consisting of the plug flow, well-mixed flow, and dead volumes. Although this model was proposed over 20 years ago, most researchers have either used it incorrec...

A mathematical model of microbial competition for limiting nutrients and for a limited set of available wall-attachment sites in an advection-dominated tubular reactor is formulated as a limiting case of the more general model considered in [M. Ballyk and H. L. Smith, A flow reactor with wall growth, in Mathematical Models in Medical and Health Sciences, M. Horn, G. Simonett, and G. Webb, eds.,...

The use of phototrophic biofilms in wastewater treatment has been recognized as a potential option for development of new reactor configurations. For better understanding of these systems, a numerical model was developed including relevant microbial processes. As a novelty, this model was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics, a modern computational environment for complex dynamic models. A two-di...

Globe valves are one of the oldest types of valve used for throttling applications for all sizes due to better controllability and wider range. One of the major limitations associated with the use globe valves in liquid application is cavitation and it takes place both in part open and in fully open conditions due to varied reasons. There are different designs of globe valves available but for ...

Background: This study assessed the removal of organic material and nutrients from full-scale subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) followed by anaerobic stabilization ponds under environmental conditions. Methods: The effluents were distributed evenly in 12 reed beds. Samples were taken twice monthly for a total of 6 months from several points in the wetland. Biochemical oxygen dema...

This study presents a comparison of forcings between density gradient and tides in idealized funnel-shaped salt-plug estuaries. Three-dimensional numerical model results also examine longitudinal lateral circulations. In estuaries, positive estuarine circulation is observed landward salinity maximum zone or salt plug. Seaward the plug, estuary shows an inverse cell. The flows show fortnightly v...

Protein crystals have many important applications in many fields, including pharmaceutics. Being more stable than other formulations, and having a high degree of purity and bioavailability, they are especially promising in the area of drug delivery. In this contribution, the development of a continuously operated tubular crystallizer for the production of protein crystals has been described. Us...

Controlling droplet incubation is critical for droplet-based microfluidic applications; however, current techniques are either of limited precision or place strict limits on the incubation times that can be achieved. Here, we present a simple technique to control incubation time by exploiting close-packed plug flow. In contrast to other techniques, this technique is applicable to very short and...