This note extends the analysis of Lemoine, Kammen, and Farrell's paper "An innovation and policy agenda for commercially competitive plug-in hybrid electric vehicles" (http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/3/1/014003/) to cover the case of all-electric vehicles (EVs). We pay particular attention to grid impacts, break-even battery costs, and the three ways in which EVs could dramatically cha...

A study on plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging load and its impacts on distribution transformers loss-of-life, is presented in this paper. The assessment is based on residential PEV battery charging. As the exact forecasting of the charging load is not possible, the method for predicting the electric vehicle (EV) charging load is stochastically formulated. With the help of the stochastic mo...

In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed for a series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A number of quadratic equations are employed to determine the engine fuel-rate with respect to battery power. The problem is solved by using quadratic programming and simulated annealing method together to find the optimal battery power commands and the engine-on power. The influences induced ...

To explore the problems associated with applying dynamic programming (DP) in the energy management strategies of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), a plug-in hybrid bus powertrain is introduced and its dynamic control model is constructed. The numerical issues, including the discretization resolution of the relevant variables and the boundary issue of their feasible regions, were conside...

Roadmap is a strategic plan that describes the steps an organization needs to take to achieve stated outcomes and goals in different layers and these layers are closely related to each other. Lower layer are more important in planning processes. Acquisition layer is one of the most crucial layers in road mapping process. Today there are some international organizations that do policy making and...

Hybrid systems arise in embedded control from the interaction between continuous physical behavior and discrete digital controllers. In this paper, we propose Apricot as a novel object-oriented language for modeling hybrid systems. The language takes the advantages of domain-specific and objectoriented languages, which fills the gap between the design and implementation. With respect to the app...

The declarative-procedural dichotomy is highly relevant when choosing the most suitable process modeling language to represent a discovered process. Less-structured processes with a high level of variability can be described in a more compact way using a declarative language. By contrast, procedural process modeling languages seem more suitable to describe structured and stable processes. Howev...