As other European countries of that time, Early modern France was characterized by its monetary plurality. The purpose of the text is to present this plurality and analyse the ways it was articulated. After a presentation of the intention of the paper, Section 2 presents the problem of monetary articulations, referring to existing literature: competition is too often the only articulation mode ...

Subject-verb agreement has provided critical insights into the cue-based memory retrieval system that supports language comprehension, by showing that memory interference can cause erroneous agreement with non-subjects: ‘agreement attraction’. Here we ask how faithful retrieval cues are in relation to the grammar. Are retrieval cues as abstract as the terms in which the grammatical dependency i...

We consider plurality consensus in a network of n nodes. Initially, each node has one of k opinions. The nodes execute a (randomized) distributed protocol to agree on the plurality opinion (the opinion initially supported by the most nodes). Nodes in such networks are often quite cheap and simple, and hence one seeks protocols that are not only fast but also simple and space efficient. Typicall...

This paper presents experiments analyzing the strategic behavior of voters under three voting systems: plurality rule, approval voting, and the Borda count. Strategic behavior is significantly different under each treatment (voting system). Plurality rule leads voters to play in a more sophisticated manner, but not necessarily insincerely, displaying the lowest levels of manipulation. The oppos...

We study the problem of choosing prize winners from among a group of experts when each expert nominates another expert for the prize. A nomination rule determines the set of winners on the basis of the profile of nominations; the rule is impartial if one’s nomination never influences one’s own chance of winning the prize. In this paper, we consider impartial, anonymous, symmetric, and monotonic...

The article presents an analysis of the axioms associated with the plurality method of aggregation of individual preferences, both when it is necessary to select one of many alternatives and when it is necessary to approve a single alternative. Also, we investigate the impact of the introduction of a new attribute, being the right of veto (absolute and relative), on the axioms given. In the con...

in islam, the world and hereafter life, plurality and unity, and inner and outer part each has its own place. islamic spirituality as an inner knowledge finds connection with islamic social idea. the purpose of which is a kind of social education and human life edification in all aspects, because, in view of the gnostics, the outer and inner worlds have longitudinal relationship.the mystics in ...