The upstream effects of reservoirs on stream fish assemblages were highly localized in 3rdthrough 5thorder streams in the Great Plains, USA. Streams that differed in connectivity to reservoirs were sampled at their confluences with a river or reservoir and between the confluence and the stream’s origin. Sites at confluences had higher total, nonnative, and reservoir species richness than middle...

Billions of hatchery salmon smolts are released annually in an attempt to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on freshwater habitats, often with limited success. Mortality of wild and hatchery fish is high during downstream and early ocean migration. To understand changes that occur during migration, we examined physiological and endocrine changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during hatch...

The adipose fin on fishes is a highly conserved and enigmatic, small, non-rayed fin that has persisted from the Mesozoic on some basal teleosts such as salmonids. Using juvenile steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), ranging from 5 to 18 cm standard length, we experimentally test the effects of adipose fin removal on swimming performance in a variable velocity flow chamber and quantify...