a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: mantle plume seismic tomography plume dynamics shear velocity Seismic detection of a mantle plume may resolve the debate about the origin of hotspots and the role of plumes in mantle convection. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that whole-mantle plumes exist below major hotspots, by quantitatively comparing physically plausible plume models with seismic imag...

The 2019/2020 Australian New Year's wildfires injected record amounts of smoke and biomass burning products into the lower stratosphere. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) tracked evolution distinct plumes fire–influenced air as they rapidly spiraled up to mid–stratosphere. In months following fires, spread throughout Southern Hemisphere (SH) We contrast SH midlatitude stratosphere in 2020 with ...

Although the seasonal ice cover of the Baltic Sea has many similarities to its oceanic counterpart in Polar Seas and Oceans, there are many unique characteristics that mainly result from the brackish waters from which the ice is formed, resulting in low bulk salinities and porosities. In addition, due to the milder climate than Polar regions, the annual maximum ice extent is highly variable, an...

Several cases of aerosol plumes resulting from trans-Pacific transport were observed between 2 km and 5.3 km at Whistler, BC from 22 April 2006 to 15 May 2006. The fine particle (<1μm) chemical composition of most of the plumes was dominated by sulphate that ranged from 1–5μg m−3 as measured with a Quadrapole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Q-AMS). Coarse particles (>1μm) were enhanced in all sulpha...

[1] From the physics of radar imaging of ocean surface processes a theoretical model for the radar imaging of an ocean jet was derived. The theoretical model predicts that the jet current structure, sechh, constitutes a determining factor for the radar image. The modeled image intensity depends on the axial velocity, decreasing as x 1 along the jet axis, and is sensitive to the wind direction w...

Results from a realistic simulation of 3D radiative magneto-convection in a strong background magnetic field corresponding to the conditions in sunspot umbrae are shown. The convective energy transport is dominated by narrow upflow plumes with adjacent downflows, which become almost field-free near the surface layers. The strong external magnetic field forces the plumes to assume a cusp-like sh...

a ra gua) Erup tion on 28 July 2005 de pos its ash in nearby towns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Miyake-jima (Ja pan) SO2 flux con tin ues grad ual de cline; mi nor erup tions in No vem ber-De cem ber 2004 . . . 2 Kikai (Ja pan) Small erup tions dur ing March-Sep tem ber 2004 pro duce ash plumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Suwanose-jima (Ja pan) Erup tions dur ing April 2004-July 2005 s...