Supreme Court Justices' uniform professional backgrounds have drawn increasing criticism. Yet it is unclear how diverse professional training would affect the Court's decisions. This Article offers the first empirical analysis of how Justices with diverse professional training vote: It examines a unique period when Justices with formal legal education sat with Justices who entered the professio...

When asked about criteria for assessing quality in academic research, 94 scientists working in the domain of health research but coming from different backgrounds (biomedicine, medicine and social sciences) believed that peer-reviewed articles were still the best academic achievement indicators [1]. According to Albert’s study, the three interrelated arguments that were emphasized when talking ...

In the war between Ottomans and Safavids Dynasty, two thirds of Kurdistan area was separated from Iran, and joined the Ottoman territories. The Ottoman empire was defeated in World War I and Kurdistan was divided among Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and a small part joined the Soviet Russia, i.e. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Concerning the Kurdish governments which were established in Iran being led...

Americans spend about a third of their time online, with many participating in online conversations on social and political issues. We hypothesize that social media arguments on such issues may be more engaging and persuasive than traditional media summaries, and that particular types of people may be more or less convinced by particular styles of argument, e.g. emotional arguments may resonate...

Nicholas Barbon’s A discourse of trade presents, in its construction, substance, and rhetoric, an early outline of a new science of the legislator for the new politics of commerce. Barbon drew together economic and political arguments, applying insights from the latter to a new understanding of the political potential of the former. His accounts of the aspect of infinity in economic growth, his...

This paper describes both the administrative and technical backgrounds to the establishment of the first international Internet node—from its beginnings as a single Arpanet node to the main early link between the Internet and the UK National Research Network. It gives an overview of some of the technical accomplishments of the early years and of the services offered. It reviews how certain poli...

This paper presents a method to validate the true patrons of a brand, group, artist or any other entity on the social networking site Twitter. We analyze the trend of total number of tweets, average retweets and total number of followers for various nodes for different social and political backgrounds. We argue that average retweets to follower ratio reveals the overall value of the individual ...

Environmental problems are usually framed by a repertoire of arguments articulated by a network of individuals (scientists and policymakers) and their affiliated institutions. Given the complexity of this network, it is important to conduct network analyses on both individual and organizational levels to achieve a better understanding of the underlying political structure that influences scienc...

The current paper considers, for the first time, most controversial feminist writers, in both West and East, British Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) Egyptian Nawal El Saadawi (1931-2021 ) from a comparative perspective. Choosing these two authors is due to their lasting contributions development of feminism respective societies. This study undertaken shed light on salient socio-political circum...