EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP: FROM THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO NEO-LEADERSHIP Political leadership seems to be one of the fundamental concepts social sciences. The crisis liberal democracy has brought numerous changes in relationship between leader and followers. Crises have affected many areas: trust, political communication, elites, economy so on. With emergence new populisms, a paradigm...

Steffen Hurka*, Maximilian Haag & Constantin KaplanerGeschwister-Scholl-Institute of Political Science, LMU Munich, Munchen, GermanySteffen Hurka is Assistant Professor and Emmy Noether Research Group Leader at the Munich.Maximilian a research fellow Ph.D. student Munich.Constantin Kaplaner Munich.

Iran’s June 2009 elections set into motion four processes that are central to the operations of the Islamic Republic regime. They include: the growing gap between large sections of Iranian society from the Islamic Republican state; the steady militarization of the political system; the unprecedented degree to which the Supreme Leader has become an active partisan in the increasingly bitter poli...

men of the Enlightenment who defies single labels. He was a man of demonstrated physical and moral courage, an intellectual leader in medicine and political theory, a provocateur, propagandist, administrator, spymaster, governor, and, at the last, a soldier. Dr. Warren’s family had been in Massachusetts for a century and a half at the time of the Revolution (1). The Warren family was a represen...

Justice and Development Party at the Helm: Resurgence of Islam or Restitution of Right of Center Predominant Party? by Ersin Kalaycıoğlu Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey Introduction General elections of July 22, 2007 witnessed a very rare occasion in Turkish politics. The Justice and Development Party (AKP), which had been in government since the November 3, 2002 elections managed to i...

as the first important controversy in the history of islam,imamate made the first religious sects and branches among the muslims the most important shia sects of shia ithnaashari,since its founding,the ismaili sect and the zaidiyyah the political life social and continue. imagine that each of these two categories of imamat, during the first centuries of islam. this article is based on relying o...

In this paper we consider the problem of distributed leader election in unoriented Abelian Cayley graphs of degree 4. This family of graphs, denoted by C G 4, include bidimensional tori of arbitrary size and chordal rings with one arbitrary chord. We present an algorithm which assumes that the only structural knowledge available to the nodes is “I am in an Abelian Cayley Graph of degree 4”. The...