Contrary to common belief, the softness of polymer gels is determined by negative energy elasticity and not only entropy elasticity, a key finding for designing used in medical applications at various temperatures.

We investigate the fracture toughness of slide-ring (SR) gels, in which polymer chains are cross-linked by ring molecules, at various strain rates to evaluate sliding speed cross-linking points. SR gels show a drastic decrease energy crack velocities higher than critical value, since motion rings cannot catch up with high deformation rates. From transition velocity, we estimated characteristic ...

Pressure-driven and temperature-driven transitions of two thermoresponsive polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) (pNVIBA)), in both a soluble linear polymer form and a cross-linked hydro-gel form, were examined by a dynamic light-scattering method and direct microscopic observation, respectively. Their behavior was compared with that of protein systems. C...

Introduction: Radiotherapy involves all methods that can provide a special amount of ionizing radiation to malignant tissue with the assumption that minimal damage to healthy tissues is achieved. We are looking for a valuable and reliable method to measure the absorption dose and also the ability to measure the absorption dose distribution in three dimensions, which today is th...