Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and the capacity of bacterium to coexist interact with a broad range microorganisms have substantial clinical impact. This review focuses on main traits P. biofilms, such as structural composition regulatory networks involved, placing particular emphasis challenges they represent in terms antimicrobial susceptibility biofilm infection clearance. Furthermore, abil...

To describe the profile of left-sided polymicrobial endocarditis (PE) and to compare it with monomicrobial endocarditis (ME).Among 1011 episodes of left-sided endocarditis consecutively diagnosed in 3 tertiary centers, between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2014, 60 were polymicrobial (5.9%), 821 monomicrobial (81.7%), and in 123 no microorganism was detected (12.2%). Seven patients (0.7%) we...

Introduction. Here, we present a case of polymicrobial anaerobic spondylodiscitis. Case Presentation. A forty-five year-old female patient was referred to a specialist orthopaedic hospital with an eight week history of back pain without fevers. X-ray imaging and magnetic resonance imaging showed acute osteomyelitis of the twelfth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae. Prolonged enrichment culture...

OBJECTIVES To assess the current incidence, clinical features, risk factors, aetiology, antimicrobial resistance and outcomes of polymicrobial bloodstream infection (PBSI) in patients with cancer. METHODS All prospectively collected episodes of PBSI in hospitalised patients were compared with episodes of monomicrobial bloodstream infection (MBSI) between 2006 and 2015. RESULTS We identified...

Iron is an essential nutrient for bacterial pathogenesis, but in the host, iron is tightly sequestered, limiting its availability for bacterial growth. Although this is an important arm of host immunity, most studies examine how bacteria respond to iron restriction in laboratory rather than host settings, where the microbiome can potentially alter pathogen strategies for acquiring iron. One of ...

Bao S, Liu M-J, Lee B, Besecker B, Lai J-P, Guttridge DC, Knoell DL. Zinc modulates the innate immune response in vivo to polymicrobial sepsis through regulation of NFB. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 298: L744–L754, 2010. First published March 5, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00368.2009.—Zinc is an essential element that facilitates coordination of immune activation during the host response to...

INTRODUCTION The production of antimicrobial peptides by airway epithelial cells is an important component of the innate immune response to pulmonary infection and inflammation. Hepcidin is a β-defensin-like antimicrobial peptide and acts as a principal iron regulatory hormone. Hepcidin is mostly produced by hepatocytes, but is also expressed by other cells, such as airway epithelial cells. How...

Acute diarrheal illness is a global health problem that may be exacerbated by concurrent infection. Using Citrobacter rodentium, a murine model of attaching and effacing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that persistent Helicobacter hepaticus infection modulates host responses to diarrheal disease, resulting in delayed recovery from weight loss and from tissue damage. Chronic colit...

While pyogenic liver abscesses are uncommon, they are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Most pyogenic liver abscesses are polymicrobial and are caused by enteric bacteria and anaerobes. Rarely, mono-microbial infections may occur, typically in immunocompromised individuals. We report the unusual case of a 69 year-old immunocompetent female who developed a pyogenic liver absce...

Peptoniphilus spp. are Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) that were formerly classified in the genus Peptostreptococcus. This study describes 15 cases of Peptoniphilus spp. bloodstream infection (BSI) diagnosed from 2007 to 2011 using 16S rDNA sequencing in patients with pneumonia, pre-term delivery, soft tissue infection or colon or bladder disease. Seven out of 15 (47%) of these cases had p...