The excretion of urine is one of several bodily activities which is subject to a daily rhythm. It has been clearly demonstrated how the rate of urine output is reduced during the hours normally devoted to sleep and how this rhythmic reduction in flow persists in spite of regular fluid intake throughout the 24 hours and in spite of alteration in the periods of sleep and activity (Mills, 1951). T...

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare clinical condition in the postoperative period. Post-surgery polyuria common finding, as body excretes excessive fluid given during surgery. It important to diagnose and differentiate DI from post-operative polyuria, can lead severe dehydration electrolyte disturbances. We report two unusual cases of perioperative requiring desmopressin therapy. A 46-year-old h...

Background: Nocturnal enuresis is caused by a mismatch between nocturnal urine production and bladder capacity. Together with a presumed decreased arousability, this results in an inability to awaken in response to a full bladder. According to recent findings, a disrupted sleep might play a role in the pathophysiology of enuresis. Case: A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with primary nocturnal enur...

Hypercalciuria increases the risk for urolithiasis, but renal adaptive mechanisms reduce this risk. For example, transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 knockout (TPRV5(-/-)) mice lack kidney stones despite urinary calcium (Ca(2+)) wasting and hyperphosphaturia, perhaps as a result of their significant polyuria and urinary acidification. Here, we investigated the mechanisms linking hypercalciu...

1. The inconstant results of past observations on the relation of pituitary extracts to renal activity have been due chiefly to unsuitable methods. 2. A standard curve of artificially induced polyuria may be plotted for rabbits, giving 200 cc. of water by mouth. 3. Extracts of the pars intermedia and posterior lobe of the hypophysis, given by mouth, subcutaneously, or intravenously, are able de...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To assess current pharmacological principles used for treatment of nocturia/nocturnal polyuria. RECENT FINDINGS The pathophysiology of nocturia is often multifactorial, but two main mechanisms have been identified, occurring alone or in combination: low functional bladder capacity and nocturnal polyuria. The multifactorial pathophysiology not only implies several possible ta...