We know that color and form are processed in distinct areas of the human brain. This information must somehow be brought together. How the brain might achieve these colorform associations, as well as all other associations of this type, is one of the central themes of this dissertation. When looking at a field of poppies on a sunny day, how can we correctly associate the color red with the popp...

Links between licit and illicit economies fuel conflict in countries mired in irregular warfare. We argue that in Afghanistan, cultivating poppy and trading drugs bring stability to farmers who face the unintended consequences of haphazard development efforts while lacking alternative livelihoods and security necessary to access markets. Drug trafficking funds the crime-insurgency nexus and gov...

Vol. XLII (February 2005), 83–95 83 *J. Miguel Villas-Boas is Professor of Business Administration, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley (e-mail: [email protected]). Ying Zhao is Assistant Professor of Marketing and Wei-Lun Fellow, Department of Marketing, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (e-mail: [email protected]). The authors gratefully acknowledge co...

Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to the Papaveraceae family that endemic mountainous areas in Northern Iran. It known for high amounts of valuable benzylisoquinoline alkaloid thebaine. The effects induced polyploidy as well effect methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation on root production thebaine and expression five biosynthesis related genes were ...

Endogenous codeine and morphine were identified in rat brain by immunological determination following HPLC. To demonstrate occurrence of a biosynthetic pathway to morphine in mammals similar to that used by the poppy plant, (+)-salutaridine, (-)-thebaine, and (-)-codeine were administered to rats intravenously. These compounds, which are intermediates in the synthesis of morphine in Papaver som...