Conspicuous cyclic changes in population density characterize many populations of small northern rodents. The extreme crashes in individual number are expected to reduce the amount of genetic variation within a population during the crash phases of the population cycle. By long-term monitoring of a bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population, we show that despite the substantial and repetitive cras...

1 Why should we test the fluctuation relation? 3 1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 The fluctuation relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 The “transient fluctuation relation” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Anosov systems a...

A laser model is formulated in terms of quantum harmonic oscillators. Emitters the low lasing states are usual oscillators, and emitters upper inverted Diffusion coefficients, consistent with necessary for solving nonlinear equations analytically, found. Photon number fluctuations mode population calculated. Collective Rabi splitting peaks predicted intensity fluctuation spectra superradiant la...