The cytosolic small heat shock protein alphaB-crystallin (alphaBC) is a molecular chaperone expressed in large quantities in the heart, where it protects from stresses such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Upon I/R, p38 MAP kinase activation leads to phosphorylation of alphaBC on Ser(59) (P-alphaBC-S59), which increases its protective ability. alphaBC confers protection, in part, by interacting w...

We made direct measurements of pregiomerular, glomerular, and postglomerular pressures and flows before and during intra-aortic infusion of a mildly vasodepressor dose of histamine in 20 Munich-Wistar rats. As with whole kidney GFR, single nephron (SN) GFR remained unchanged during histamine infusion, despite significant mean increases in total renal and glomerular plasma flow (QA) rates, as we...

Abstract The binding of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ to the anion-selective channel TMEM16A triggers a conformational change around its site that is coupled release gate at constricted neck an hourglass-shaped pore. By combining mutagenesis, electrophysiology, and cryo-electron microscopy, we identified three hydrophobic residues intracellular entrance as constituents this gate. Mutation each these increa...

The microscopic details of how peptides translocate one at a time through nanopores are crucial determinants for transport through membrane pores and important in developing nano-technologies. To date, the translocation process has been too fast relative to the resolution of the single molecule techniques that sought to detect its milestones. Using pH-tuned single-molecule electrophysiology and...

Previous investigations on porous Li(Ni x Co y Mn z )O 2 (NCM) particles with shortened diffusion paths and an enlarged interface between active material electrolyte show improved rate capability cycle stability compared to compact particles. Due the additional intragranular porosity of material, also pore structure overall electrode, as consequence, ionic transport in phase is altered. In addi...

A literature review reveals many lines of evidence that both delayed rectifier and inward rectifier potassium channels are multi-ion pores. These include unidirectional flux ratios given by the 2--2.5 power of the electrochemical activity ratio, very steeply voltage-dependent block with monovalent blocking ions, relief of block by permeant ions added to the side opposite from the blocking ion, ...

The present paper aims to study the effect of partial blocking and flow regime on mutual turbulent interplay between porous non-porous regions in packed bed energy storage systems (PBESSs). To this end, high-fidelity pore-scale large eddy simulations (LES) are conducted for two PBESS configurations, namely full blockage under discharge process at three Re numbers 3600, 7200, 14,400. influences ...

Voltage-gated ion channels generate electrical signals in species from bacteria to man. Their voltage-sensing modules are responsible for initiation of action potentials and graded membrane potential changes in response to synaptic input and other physiological stimuli. Extensive structure-function studies, structure determination, and molecular modeling are now converging on a sliding-helix me...

The structural basis for alcohol modulation of neuronal pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) remains elusive. We determined an inhibitory mechanism of alcohol on the pLGIC Erwinia chrysanthemi (ELIC) through direct binding to the pore. X-ray structures of ELIC co-crystallized with 2-bromoethanol, in both the absence and presence of agonist, reveal 2-bromoethanol binding in the pore nea...

An apparatus that integrates solid-state nanopore ionic current measurement with a scanning-probe microscope is developed. When a micrometer-scale scanning-probe tip is near a voltage-biased nanometer-scale pore (10–100 nm), the tip partially blocks the flow of ions to the pore and increases the pore access resistance. The apparatus records the current blockage caused by the probe tip and the l...