A controlled fire burner was constructed where various natural vegetation species could be used as fuel. The burner was equipped with thermocouples to measure fuel surface temperature and used as a cavity for microwaves with a laboratory quality 2-port vector network analyzer to determine electrical conductivity from S-parameters. Electrical conductivity for vegetation material flames is import...

The aim of this work is to prove existence results and derive asymptotic limits for some nonlinear elliptic problems set in unbounded cylinders arising in flame propagation. We concentrate on problems arising in the modelization of burner flames. One of these models deals with oblique derivative boundary conditions on a strip in R2. A second one is a problem set in R with Neumann boundary condi...

A premixed turbulent combustion Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database of a swirl burner is analyzed from three angles: estimation of the three-dimensional flame surface from two-dimensional fields; modeling of subgrid source and flux terms entering the balance equation for the reaction progress variable in Large Eddy Simulation (LES); and modeling of the subgrid-scale scalar variance in LE...

In this paper, we study the properties of Gerstewitz nonlinear scalar functional with respect to coradiant set and radiant in real linear space. With help nonconvex separation theorem co-radiant set, first obtain that is a special co-radiant(radiant) when corresponding set. Based on subadditivity property convex calculate its Fenchel(approximate) subdifferential. As applications, derive optimal...

TLA is a general purpose, formal specification language based on the Temporal Logic of Actions, with no built-in primitives for specifying real-time properties. Here, we use TLA to define operators for specifying the temporal behavior of physical components obeying integral equations of evolution. These operators, together with previously defined operators for describing timing constraints, are...

The flame stability limit, which was involving the critical flow condition, lift off and blow out, could be affected by the burner geometry in the combustion system installation. Consequently a flame holder should be put in, to hold the flame as big as possible on a stable condition. The flame holder itself, is a device to hold the flame, whereas the flame holder could disturb the air and fuel ...

A 65-year-old male presented with chronic mechanical back pain and a 6-month history of a discrete, hyperpig-mented reticular rash on his lower back. On further questioning, the patient admitted to daily use of an electric heating pad over the distribution of the rash (Figure 1). The diagnosis was erythema ab igne (EAI). Historically, EAI has been associated with repeated and prolonged exposure...

Precise knowledge of the angle between the meteor vector velocity and the radar beam axis is one of the largest source of errors in the Arecibo Observatory (AO) microme-teor observations. In this paper we study ∼250 high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) meteor head-echoes obtained using the dual-beam 430 MHz AO Radar in Puerto Rico, in or-5 der to reveal the distribution of this angle. All of these ...

We report direct experimental evidence of the collective super-radiant mode in Bragg structure containing 60 InAs monolayer-based quantum wells (QWs) periodically arranged in GaAs matrix. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal an appearance of the additional super-radiant mode, originated from coherent collective interaction of QWs. This mode demonstrates a super-linear dependence ...