Previous research has suggested that parents' aspirations for their children's academic attainment can have a positive influence on children's actual academic performance. Possible negative effects of parental overaspiration, however, have found little attention in the psychological literature. Employing a dual-change score model with longitudinal data from a representative sample of German sch...

one of unsolved problems in quantum measurement theory is to characterize coexistence of quantum effects. in this paper, applying positive operator matrix theory, we give a mathematical characterization of the witness set of coexistence of quantum effects and obtain a series of properties of coexistence. we also devote to characterizing bijective morphisms on quantum effects leaving the witness...

........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .............................................................................

M athematical concepts and systems of notation are intertwined with human cultural history. The discovery (or invention) of 0, understanding of negative, rational, and real numbers, and development of the calculus took place over thousands of years. But what of those most fundamental of mathematical objects, the positive integers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...? Until recently, the consensus was that the c...

In many cases a nonlinear scalar field with potential V can lead to accelerated expansion in cosmological models. This paper contains mathematical results on this subject for homogeneous spacetimes. It is shown that, under the assumption that V has a strictly positive minimum, Wald’s theorem on spacetimes with positive cosmological constant can be generalized to a wide class of potentials. In s...

We study the eigenvalues and eigenspaces of the quadratic matrix polynomial Mλ + sDλ + K as s → ∞, where M and K are symmetric positive definite and D is symmetric positive semi-definite. The work is motivated by its application to modal analysis of finite element models with strong linear damping. Our results yield a mathematical explanation of why too strong damping may lead to practically un...

We show that a restricted variant of constructive predicate logic with positive (covariant) quantification is of super-elementary complexity. The restriction is to limit the number of eigenvariables used in quantifier introductions rules to a reasonably usable level. This construction suggests that the known non-elementary decision algorithms for positive logic may actually be best possible. 19...

We describe all the solutions of a rational difference equation from Putnam’s mathematical competition, which are eventually equal to its positive equilibrium x\over \tilda=1. As a consequence we give a new, elegant and short proof of the fact that the equation has a positive solution which is not eventually equal to one. Moreover, we show that almost all solutions of the equation are not event...

The Jacobi metric introduced in mathematical physics can be used to analyze Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). In a geometrical setting, each step of HMC corresponds to a geodesic on a Riemannian manifold with a Jacobi metric. Our calculation of the sectional curvature of this HMC manifold allows us to see that it is positive in cases such as sampling from a high dimensional multivariate Gaussian. ...