Propranolol, a prototypical b-adrenergic receptor antagonist and atenolol, a cardio-selective b-antagonist are widely used in therapeutic regimens for treatment of hypertensive patients. In Iran, several pharmaceutical manufacturers formulate these two b-blockers. As the formulation of a dosage form is essential for the patient's safety and drug efficacy, in this study we aimed to evalu...

Emergence of Modern Political Marketing In November The US elections were thrown into chaos by the humble chad, a paper perforation on a punch operated ballot paper. The election campaign had cost a total of $3 billion (Washington Post, 6 November) the largest ever. Eventually George W, Bush emerged as the victor after various court rulings. He had been elected however more as a result of the e...

The retail geography literature has long recognised the importance of spatial and catchment analysis to inform decision-making relating to store development. However, less attention has been directed to store development “in practice” and, more specifically, how location research and geographical knowledge is leveraged across the wider retail business – in particular informing the marketing fun...

Food marketing environments of Black American consumers are heavily affected by ethnically-targeted marketing of sugar sweetened beverages, fast foods, and other products that may contribute to caloric overconsumption. This qualitative study assessed Black consumers' responses to targeted marketing. Black adults (2 mixed gender groups; total n = 30) and youth (2 gender specific groups; total n ...

Introduction As tobacco advertising restrictions have increased, the retail 'power wall' behind the counter is increasingly invaluable for marketing tobacco products. Objective The primary objectives of this pilot study were 3-fold: (1) evaluate the attention paid/fixations on the area behind the cash register where tobacco advertising is concentrated and tobacco products are displayed in a r...

The present study was focused on supply chain analysis of fresh guava in order to evaluate existing marketing supply chains (SC1: Producer - Consumer, SC2: Producer - Retailer - Consumer, SC3: Producer - Commission agent - Retailer - Consumer, SC4: Producer - Commission agent - Wholesaler - Retailer - Consumer) for two variety (allahabad safeda and apple guava) of guava. The gross marketing pri...