This article reviews literature on competitiveness of agricultural product and input markets. Although researchers in the United States and Europe emphasize different stages of the agricultural and food marketing system, their focus is similar: extent of buyer power, although both have largely ignored the sector supplying inputs to agriculture. The key conclusion is that there is little robust ...

Nowadays, the power system utility has started to consider the green power technology in order for the world to have a healthier environment. A small-scale hybridized solar PV-AC grid (HSPVACG) power system is proposed to be developed to operate with AC grid. This system consists of a photovoltaic array installed on the rooftop. Moreover the roof is flat, which implies that system can be placed...

India seeks to achieve 175 Giga-Watt (GW) of Renewable power by 2022. As of December 2017, out of 333 GW of total installed capacity of electricity, close to 62GW come from renewable sources. Meeting the set targets calls for augmentation of renewable energy based capacities as expeditiously as possible. However, the sick financial health of the distribution companies/utilities, who act a...

Power Quality (PQ) parameters such as voltage RMS value, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and Power Factor (PF) are main topics to be considered in the connection of sensitive loads to the grid. In this paper, a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) based on an Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) is proposed to address some PQ issues as mitigation of voltage harmonics and compensation of sags an...

the continuous spread of distributed energy resources (ders) such as combined heating and power (chp), diesel generators, boilers and renewable energy sources provide an effective solution to energy related problems to serve the power and heat demands with minimum cost. moreover, the ders may play a significant role for supplying power and heat in rural areas, where grid electricity is not avai...

ome organic fertilizers are suitable for greenhouse crops and can also fit the current ways of applying fertilizers commercially. However, not much information is available on plant response, nutrient supplying power, or the environmental impact of nutrient leaching with organic fertilizers. Not surprisingly, because of their differences in the makeup, levels of success in growing acceptable gr...

A wave of regulatory reform is now transforming the U.S. electricity industry. As state and federal authorities allow independent power producers to compete with utilities in supplying electricity, consumers are paying close attention to the effects of this change on their energy bills. Although deregulation poses significant structural challenges, the introduction of competitive pressures shou...

This paper presents electronic ballast with dimming capability supplying a 32 W fluorescent lamp. The electronic ballast is a self-oscillating driving circuit with an additional circuit responsible for dimming the fluorescent lamp based on a signal from a lighting dependent resistor. This luminous sensor measures the luminous flux level and set the lamp power by the voltage gain variation of th...

The proposed circuit is a dual-chain Dickson type charge pump making use of both active and passive charge transfer switches in order to achieve a compromise between power efficiency, circuit complexity and device reliability. The charge pump is capable of sourcing up to 500 μA at 10 V output voltage for supplying the error amplifiers of two NMOS Low Drop Out (LDO) linear regulators as part of ...