ALX3 is a multi-agent version of ALX with a rst-order description language. ALX, a modal action logic, combines ideas from H.A. Simon's bounded rationality, S. Kripke's possible world semantics, G. H. von Wright's preference logic, Pratt's dynamic logic, and Stalnaker's conditional logic. ALX avoids important drawbacks of other action logics, especially the counterintuitive necessi-tation rule ...

The author analyzes several issues pertaining to medical practice as related to the technical autonomy characterizing professional activity in this field. She points to the coexistente of a scientific side and an empirical/pragmatic side of medicine, the latter known as the medical art. The article also discusses the complexity of medical command of technological rationality which presides over...

Weighted finite-state machines with n tapes describe n-ary rational string relations. The join n-ary relation is very important regarding to applications. It is shown how to compute it via a more simple operation, the auto-intersection. Join and auto-intersection generally do not preserve rationality. We define a class of triples 〈A, i, j〉 such that the auto-intersection of the machine A w.r.t....

Recent research in group cognition points towards the existence of collective cognitive competencies that transcend individual group members' cognitive competencies. Since rationality is a key cognitive competence for group decision making, and group cognition emerges from the coordination of individual cognition during social interactions, this study tests the extent to which collaborative and...

Rationality is a fundamental concept in economics. Most researchers will accept that human beings are not fully rational. Herbert Simon suggested that we are “bounded rational”. However, it is very difficult to quantify “bounded rationality”, and therefore it is difficult to pinpoint its impact to all those economic theories that depend on the assumption of full rationality. Ariel Rubinstein pr...

I am honored to present this lecture in tribute to Nancy L. Schwartz. I did not know Professor Schwartz well, yet I am aware of her important professional contributions. First and foremost are the direct advances to the profession made through her writings. But also her indirect contributions, as a teacher and an intellectual leader, are very important. Some of the ideas and applications discus...

Arrow’s impossibility theorem states that if a collective choice rule satisfies unrestricted domain, weak Pareto, independence of irrelevant alternatives, and collective rationality, then there exists a dictator. Among others, Arrow’s postulate of collective rationality is controversial. We propose a new axiom for a collective choice rule, decisiveness coherence, which is weaker than collective...

The paper discusses rationality at two levels. According to a common opinion the key to rationality at the group level is a willingness to contribute unselfishly at the individual level. I claim that even when rationality at the individual level is denied, it is often achieved by social punishment. The difficulty to organize a social project is exaggerated. The relative ease of implementing ind...

With the rapid development of the industry sector, the assembly line has also experienced development, whose rationality determines the production efficiency of industrial production. In this paper, in order to address the balancing issue of assembly lines for industrial production, a combinatorial optimization method is proposed for the optimization and implementation of the assembly line base...

Are inferences, theoretical and practical, subject to requirements of rationality? If so, are these of the form ‘if ... ought ...’, or ‘ought ... if ...’? If the latter, how are we to understand the ‘if’? It seems that, in all cases, we get unintuitive implications if ‘ought’ connotes having reason. It is difficult to formulate such requirements, and obscure what they explain. There might also ...