For the Intentionalist, utterance content is wholly determined by a speaker’s meaning-intentions; sentence uttered serves merely to facilitate audience’s recovering these intentions. We argue that Intentionalists ought be Particularists, holding only “principles” of meaning recovery needed are those governing inferences best explanation; both defeasible and, in sense elaborated, variable. discu...

this study explores the use of the english locution i love you in the american context. the data were collected through a focus discussion group and a survey questionnaire. 120 college undergraduate students from a large public american university participated in the study with 28 attending the focus discussion group and 92 completing the survey questionnaire. the findings indicated that the us...

this study explores the use of the english locution i love you in the american context. the data were collected through a focus discussion group and a survey questionnaire. 120 college undergraduate students from a large public american university participated in the study with 28 attending the focus discussion group and 92 completing the survey questionnaire. the findings indicated that the us...

This  study  examined  the  effects  of  individual  difference  (ID)  factors  on  changing  pragmatic abilities  among  L2  learners  of  English.  Participants  were  48  Japanese  EFL  students  in  an English-medium  university  in  Japan.  They  completed  a  pragmatic  speaking  test  (k=12)  that assessed  their  ability  to  produce  two  speech  acts:  requests  and  opinions,  in  hi...

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This paper is concerned with the conceptual foundations of pragmatic reasoning (context-dependent reasoning). A general pragmatic semantics (a semantic analysis which includes a pragmatic parameter) is given for pragmatic reasoning, the logical properties of the various forms of pragmatic reasoning are discussed, as are many examples. The semantic pragmatics (the general study of choosing or in...

In  this  paper,  the  authors  investigate  whether  Persians  who  have  been  exposed  to  Australian culture are still affected by their cultural norms—in particular by the politeness system taarof—in responding to compliments in an intercultural interaction.  Compliment responses  were elicited—through  a  Discourse  Completion  Task—from  thirty  participants  (five  males  and  five  fem...

Since the prosody of a spoken utterance carries information about its discourse function, salience, and speaker attitude, prosody models and prosody generation modules have played a crucial part in text-tospeech (TTS) synthesis systems from the beginning, especially those set not only on sounding natural, but also on showing emotion or particular speaker intention. Prosody transfer within speec...