Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of lidocaine and esmolol, in modifying the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out in Fauji Foundation hospital Lahore from 1 st June 2012 to 31 st August 2012,after taking written informed consent from patients and permission from medical and ethical committee of hosp...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The primary goal of this study was to test whether high-altitude exposure (HAE: 0.9% O(2) at 0.47 ATA for 24 hours) was capable of increasing the systemic inflammatory markers as well as the toxic organ injury indicators in rats, with a secondary goal to test whether preinduction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 by hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (HHP: 18.3% O(2) at 0.66 ATA ...

Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol via the mevalonate pathway. This pathway also produces coenzyme Q (a component of the respiratory chain), dolichols (important for protein glycosylation), and isoprenoids (lipid moieties responsible for the membrane association of smal...

A system of preparation of rat hepatocytes with extended viability has been developed to study the role of hormones and other plasma components upon secretory protein synthesis. Hepatocytes maintained in minimal essential medium reduced the levels of all amino acids in the medium except the slowly catabolized amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine, which steadily increase as the result of ...

BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide limits intraoperative hypothermia because the vasoconstriction threshold with nitrous oxide is higher than with equi-minimum alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane or isoflurane, presumably because of its stimulating actions on the sympathetic nervous system. Xenon, in contrast, does not cause sympathetic activation. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that the...

Introduction: Suxamethonium chloride was a time-tested depolarizing muscle relaxant with quick onset of action and produced excellent intubating conditions but it is contraindicated and hazardous in certain situations. Rocuronium bromide had the most rapid onset, intermediate duration of action, minimal cardiovascular side effects, and no histamine release emerged as a good alternative. Purpose...

Background: Class III obese patients have altered respiratory mechanics, which are further impaired in the supine position. The authors explored the hypothesis that preoxygenation in the 25° head-up position allows a greater safety margin for induction of anesthesia than the supine position. Methods: A randomized controlled trial measured oxygen saturation and the desaturation safety period aft...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of extra-amniotic Foley catheter with intra cervical Dinoprostone gel for preinduction cervical ripening. Study Design: A randomized, prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PGIMS Rohtak on 100 pregnant women admitted for induction of labor. Fifty patients were randomized to receive Dinopros...

The cervical remodeling process is unique and consists of softening, ripening, dilation at fetal birth, repair to the original state, which a dense long tubular structure. In this review, problem impaired discussed in both preterm birth delayed transformation, leads unpreparedness cervix for childbirth prolongation pregnancy. Histological, immunological structural dynamic changes begin before d...

OBJECTIVE To describe the pattern of labor progression and risk of cesarean delivery in women whose labor was electively induced. METHODS We analyzed data on all low-risk, nulliparous women with an elective induction or spontaneous onset of labor between 37 + 0 and 40 + 6 weeks from January 2002 to March 2004 at a single institution. The median duration of labor by each centimeter of cervical...