BACKGROUND Fetal lead exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and developmental and cognitive deficits; however, the mechanism(s) by which lead-induced toxicity occurs remains unknown. Epigenetic fetal programming via DNA methylation may provide a pathway by which environmental lead exposure can influence disease susceptibility. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine wh...

BACKGROUND Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use has been associated with neural tube defects and autism, but more subtle outcomes such as cognition have not been studied. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between prenatal residential proximity to agricultural use of potentially neurotoxic pesticides and neurodevelopment in 7-year-old children. METHODS Participants incl...

this is a field study, done with the purpose of detecting awareness rate of midwifery students about the prenatal, intrapartal, post partal care of women suffering from aids in the nursing and midwifery faculties in medical university science ministry of heath and medical teaching in tehran city (iran, 1993).   in this research multi stage random sampling method was used, and 124 of third and f...

introduction: gestational stress can lead to cerebral functional disorders, such as epilepsy, probably due to the disturbance in the cerebral maturation and causing abnormal neuronal correlations. in the present study, effect of gestational predator stress on the neonatal epileptic behaviors was investigated in rats. methods: female rats (200 ± 20 g) were divided into two groups intact pregnant...

background: the organizational environment and its existing context may deeply affect on empowerment of individuals. in educational institutions as well as other organizations, students are going to be powerful when opportunities for growth and achievement of power are provided for them in learning and educational environments. this study has been carried out to explain the facilitators and imp...

a b s t r a c tintroduction: because of more exposure to mercury compounds, the prenatal and postnatal neurotoxic effects of mercury compounds have gained more attention in last decade. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mercuric chloride intoxication on spinal cord development during prenatal period. methods: 36 adult sprague-dawley rats after observing vaginal mating plaq...

with significant improve in health-care and treatment of infectious diseases, genetic disorders have created a new era of notification. changes in social attitude towards family life and tendency of parents for limited number of children, sense of responsibility of parents for mental and physical healthiness of children along with their education, needed a new strategy. since most genetic disor...

background & aim: prenatal care is a key strategy for achieving public health goals, primary healthcare objectives, and the millennium development goals. the aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the use of prenatal care services in order to design suitable interventions and promote the use of these services. methods:in this systematic quantitative literature review, stud...