We propose railway line planning optimization models that determines the frequency of each train so that it can meet passenger origindestination demands while minimizing the related costs. Most line planning models assume that all trains on a supply network stop at all intermediate stations. However to minimize passenger travelling time and provide train service to as many stations as possible,...

1. introduction language teachers frequently observe a gap between their students' potential competence and their performance in the class. anderson (1993) attributes this to the fact that human has a limited processing capacity and is not able to attend to various aspects of a task simultaneously. this limitation causes l2 learners not to be able to focus on both meaning and form at the same t...

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) for path planning of an autonomous mobile robot in the 3-D space which is modeled with a grid structure. We present a GA for 2-D path planning and then generalize it to 3-D path planning. Some simulation results are also presented. The GA has two unique features. First, the dimension has only small e ect on time and space requirements. Second, it is ...

This paper is introduced to be the obstacle recognition, path planning and oscillating control for an automobile crane system on-line. We studied the autonomous mobile overhead traveling crane so for. In particular, the research of obstacle recognition, path plan and oscillating control is carried out. For on-line obstacle recognition, the obstacle recognition system using the ultrasonic sensor...

The shift of emphasis away from written to oral skills has stimulated an incipient concern in second language research to investigate ways of helping second and foreign language learners achieve higher degrees of oral proficiency. Priority solely taken over accuracy, complexity, or fluency of speech might be justifiable with regard to the context in which learning takes place.  Accuracy and com...