Predator-prey interactions elicit shifts in prey behavior, physiology and lifehistory that can impact prey population dynamics and community structure to the same extent as prey consumption (Turner and Mittelbach 1990, Ripple and Beschta 2004). An emerging body of literature addressing the ‘landscape of fear’ shows substantial immediate impacts of fear on prey hormone concentrations, body condi...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Cannibalistic interactions in two co-occurring decapod species: Effects of density, food, alternative prey and habitat a b s...

Predation at the microbial level can affect the fate of toxic trace metals. Metals associated with bacterial prey can be released into the dissolved phase following digestion by a predator, and/or metals can remain in the predator and be transferred potentially to the next level of the food chain. Toxic metal ions in the aqueous phase also are expected to modify the growth and predation rate of...

A prey–predator interaction model has been suggested in which the population of a predator consists two-stage structure. Modified Holling’s disk equation is used to describe consumption prey so that it involves additional source food for predator. The fear function imposed on prey. It supposed exhibits anti-predator behavior and may kill adult due their struggle against predation. proposed inve...

Understanding predator-prey interactions is a major challenge in ecological studies. In particular, the accurate identification of prey is a fundamental requirement in elucidating food-web structure. This study took a molecular approach in determining the species identity of consumed prey items of a freshwater carnivorous fish (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides), according to their size cl...

The predator-prey interactions within food chains are used to both characterize and understand ecosystems. Conventional methods of constructing food chains from visual identification of prey in predator diet can suffer from poor taxonomic resolution, misidentification, and bias against small or completely digestible prey. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has become a powerful tool fo...

Theoretical work on intraguild predation suggests that if a top predator and an intermediate predator share prey, the system will be stable only if the intermediate predator is better at exploiting the prey, and the top predator gains significantly from consuming the intermediate predator. In mammalian carnivore systems, however, there are examples of top predator species that attack intermedia...

This study aimed at comparing toxic element (Hg, Cd) bioaccumulation in relation to age for bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Mediterranean and Atlantic waters. Metal concentrations were also measured in selected prey to infer metal exposure through the diet. As expected, Mediterranean prey exhibited the highest Hg levels, probably as a consequenc...