This small-scale survey evaluated the impact of National Strategy approaches to intervention on pupils working just below national expectations in a small sample of 12 primary and nine secondary schools. Intervention was more effective in the primary schools than in the secondary schools visited and stemmed from careful analysis of pupils’ weaknesses, flexible planning of programmes, thorough t...

This paper explores the provision of schooling in colonial India when British administrators dictated education policy. Although public and private funds were used to expand and improve the public education system, there were fewer than 3 primary schools for every 10 villages as late as 1911. To explore the impact of the funding system on the provision of schools, I empirically analyze the link...

This paper studies the provision of schooling in British India from 1850 to 1917, when education policy was under the direct control of the East India Company and the British Crown. Although colonial policy made several recommendations to increase mass schooling, the growth of primary education generally lagged behind secondary education over most of the period. In addition to official policy, ...