The paper describes a small full-scale plant based on the Gold-REC 1 process, designed and patented by University of L’Aquila; hydrometallurgical process allows treatment printed circuit boards (PCBs). first step is mechanical to reduce size scraps below 2 mm. extraction base metals occurs in reactor sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide solution. After filtration, solid leached again with thiourea f...

Prior to the mid 1980s, the dominance of through-hole packaging of integrated circuits (ICs) provided easy access to nearly every pin of every chip on a printed circuit board. Providing accessibility and controllability for board testing was simply a matter of probing the board. With the advent of surface mount packaging, the accessibility for probing printed circuit boards began to diminish. L...

Quantitative determination of most economic valuable metals in waste is the first fundamental operation evaluating feasibility recycling processes. Field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (FPXRFs) represent a more practical, efficient, and tool determining elemental composition samples with respect to conventional analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) induc...

Electronics waste is becoming a crisis for the society. Huge accumulation of e-waste and their recycling through primitive means for extraction of precious metals is real concern in the developing countries as e-waste contains hazardous materials. Recycling of e-waste through proper technologies is, however, considered to be a profitable business in developed countries due to the presence of pr...

Introduction . The technology of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is widely used in modern electronic instrumentation. PCBs for the microwave frequency range are made based on foil composite materials, particular, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). At moment, there no domestic production such a class materials. Information concerning foreign manufacturing technologies this field and influence filler ...

The integration of optical interconnections onto PCBs (printed circuit boards) is an emerging field that arouses rapidly growing interest worldwide, due to a continuously increasing demand for high data rates, along with a progressive miniaturization of devices and components. For high-speed data transfer, materials and integration concepts are required for which enable highspeed short-range co...

In this paper, we propose an eigenvalue-based similarity measure between two gray-level images and, in particular, aim at the application in defect detection. The pair-wise gray levels at coincident pixel locations in two compared images are used as the coordinates to plot the correspondence map. If two compared images are identical, the plot in the correspondence map is a diagonal straight lin...