The presence of moderate values in a normal population is more likely than the presence of extreme values. Within this context, the assumption of normality of any population is due to the high probability of data to be normally distributed [1, 2]. The definition of outliers is subject to analysis and interpretation of results. Decisions regarding the identification of outliers should be taken i...

OBJECTIVE To compare the ability of 24-2 frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP-Matrix) with standard automated perimetry with the Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SAP-SITA) in detection of visual function abnormalities in patients with glaucomatous-appearing optic discs (GAOD). METHODS This observational case-control study included 80 patients with GAOD and 54 control subjects diagnosed b...

While Robust Model Predictive Control considers the worst-case system uncertainty, Stochastic Control, using chance constraints, provides less conservative solutions by allowing a certain constraint violation probability depending on predefined risk parameter. However, for safety-critical systems it is not only important to bound but reduce this as much possible. Therefore, an approach necessar...

Cascading failures in large-scale electric power transmission systems are an important cause of blackouts. Analysis of North American blackout data has revealed power law (algebraic) tails in the blackout size probability distribution which suggests a dynamical origin. With this observation as motivation, we examine cascading failure in a simplified transmission system model as load power deman...

In this paper the autonomy concept used by ESA and NASA is critically evaluated. Moreover, a more proper ground-control/spacecraft organizational structure is proposed on the basis of a new, more elaborated concept of autonomy. In an extended theoretical discussion its deenitional properties and functionalities are established. The rather basic property of adaptivity leads to the categorization...