Understanding the optical response of graphene at terahertz frequencies is of critical importance for designing graphene-based devices that operate in this frequency range. Here we present a terahertz pump−probe measurement that simultaneously measures both the transmitted and reflected probe radiation from multilayer epitaxial graphene, allowing for an unambiguous determination of the pump-ind...

DNA chips are a promising fundamental technology for the post-genome research [1]. A large number of DNA oligonucleotide probes integrated in a small area of the chip surface facilitate speedy simultaneous detection of many target sequences. So, expression profile analysis of thousands of genes can be finished in a few days by using DNA chip technology although it takes years to finish the anal...

Results of designing the specialized RF elements library intended for use in CMOS 180 nm process are presented. The includes a set MOSFETs amplifiers and switches design, three types varactors based on MOS-structure, spiral inductors, MIM-capacitors other elements. is combination with CAD Cadence Virtuoso IC focused amplifiers, frequency oscillators convertors, controlled attenuators phase shif...

Figure 1: The procedures of the proposed method. In the technology of DNA chips and cDNA microarrays, there is a great deal of studies on composing oligo DNA on the DNA chip and the cDNA microarray by the present situation, but there are a few studies on designing oligo DNA sequences, which are fixed on the DNA chip and the cDNA microarray [4]. Probe design is the essential procedure for high-t...

DNA microarrays that are used as end-point detectors for PCR assays are typically composed of short (15-25 mer) oligonucleotide probes bound to glass. When designing these detectors, we have frequently encountered situations where a probe would not hybridize to its complementary, terminally labeled PCR amplicon. To determine if failures could be explained by general phenomenon such as secondary...

We define a probe to be a single action sequence computed greedily from a given state that either terminates in the goal or fails. We show that by designing these probes carefully using a number of existing and new polynomial techniques such as helpful actions, landmarks, and consistent subgoals, a single probe from the initial state can solve by itself 683 out of 980 problems from previous IPC...

Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique developed to observe and image magnetic fields locally. This method is based on application of the Hall Effect, supplied by a micro hall probe attached to the end of cantilever as a sensor.  SHPM provides direct quantitative information on the magnetic state of a material and can also image magnetic induction under a...

the work of architecture is believed to depend on the governing thought in the process of architectural designing. this thought can be analyzed, developed, experienced, and interpreted. creativity is the only domineering force in the idea of designing which is in quest for freeing architecture from the routine methods, and also finding the novel systems to answer the questions in architecture. ...

Realizing and manipulating parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry in multidimensional systems are highly desirable for the exploration of nontrivial physics discovery exotic phenomena non-Hermitian systems. Finding that still have all-real spectra even if their Hamiltonians possess only partial $\mathcal{PT}$ has also attracted tremendous attention recent years. Here, we report experimental obse...

Abstract This study begins with a background introduction to the development of offshore wind power industry and local content requirement policies in Taiwan. Subsequently, it discusses conflict exceptions between (LCR) World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, further probe into pros cons discussed literature about LCR policies, particular emphasis on energy sector. In conclusion policy recommenda...