The Assessment and Teaching of 21 Century Skills (ATC21S) project had a research and development plan that reflected a traditional approach to conceptualisation of constructs, and then establishment of test blueprints followed by test construction. The test construction process included several stages – of drafting task ideas, panelling these with teachers, then piloting revised tasks, and tria...

Simulated learning environments provide an efficient means for improving individual skills in specific problem solving and learning situations. One crucial aspect of an optimal system for simulated training environments is its capability to keep track of the improvements of the user along the whole training process. In this paper we present a set-theoretical formal framework that can be applied...

Simulated learning environments provide an efficient means for improving individual skills in specific problem solving and learning situations. One crucial aspect of an optimal system for simulated training environments is its capability to keep track of the improvements of the user along the whole training process. In this paper we present a set-theoretical formal framework that can be applied...

Effective watershed management requires that decision-makers receive input about, and balance consideration of, a number of competing factors. The fundamental drivers of watershed change are modifications to landuse and settlement patterns. To model the effects of landuse and settlement changes properly requires, at a minimum, the ability to model effects related to surface and subsurface hydro...

Latent Problem Solving Analysis is applied to model the decision processes of expert instructors judging professional pilots’ landing technique in a B747 flying simulator, showing that that a memory-based model can do well in the absence of more conscious, logical processes.

Complex Problem Solving (CPS) describes skills frequently needed in everyday life such as the use of new technological devices. Therefore, CPS skills constitute an increasingly important individual ability that needs theoretically embedded, reliable and validated measurement devices. The present article shows that current tests do not sufficiently address the requirement of a theory-based asses...

Stealth assessment represents a promising way to address the needs of validly measuring and supporting important 21st century competencies (e.g., creativity, problem solving) within interactive digital environments (e.g., video games). The assessment is woven into the environment such that it becomes invisible to students, which is conducive to eliciting targeted competencies (Shute, 2011). Ste...

objectives: the study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of verbal self-instruction training on math problem-solving of intellectually disabled boy students in tehran provinces. methods: the study was a semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. thirty intellectually disabled boy students were selected randomly through cluster sampling method from 9th grade s...