Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of a learner-centered, simulation-based training developed to help medical students improve their procedural skills in intubation, arterial line placement, lumbar puncture, and central line insertion. Method The study participants were second and third year medical students. Anesthesiology residents provided the training and evaluated students' procedural...

Object-oriented concepts facilitate the reusability as well as the maintainability of existing software. Due to the great amount of existing procedural software, object identification in procedural programs is an important approach. The object recovery process for this identification of objects within procedural programs presents several uncertainties and ambiguities, which have to be resolved ...

Clinical guidelines have been shown to improve the quality of medical care and to reduce its costs. However, most guidelines exist in a free-text representation and, without automation, are not sufficiently accessible to clinicians at the point of care. A prerequisite for automated guideline application is a machine-comprehensible representation of the guidelines. In this study, we designed and...

Given the privileged status claimed for active learning in a variety of domains (visuomotor learning, causal induction, problem solving, education, skill learning), the present study examines whether action-based learning is a necessary, or a suffi cient, means of acquiring the relevant skills needed to perform a task typically described as requiring active learning. To achieve this, the presen...

This paper reports the results of an empirical examination of the effectiveness of two knowledge management strategies (codification and personalisation) in improving decision making performance in a simulated forecasting task. Codification was manipulated with and without a procedural knowledge map, and personalisation in terms of an interactive and non-interactive decision environment. Result...

Cryptographic protocols are widely used in various applications to provide secure communications. They are usually represented as communicating agents that send and receive messages. These agents use their knowledge to exchange information and communicate with other agents involved in the protocol. An agent knowledge can be partitioned into explicit knowledge and procedural knowledge. The expli...

The US Social Security Administration (SSA) provides retirement and disability benefits to about 50 million Americans. Nearly 60,000 staff members and over 14,000 state employees rely on the Agency’s policies to know how to process benefits claims accurately. In the last two years, SSA has begun to improve the systems that support creation and distribution of policy and procedural content. Many...

There are two fundamental dilemmas that appear throughout human life: (1) Do we have to understand being able to do, or vice versa? and (2) Should things be emphasized as objects or as processes? These dilemmas can be converted to the question of the balance between conceptual and procedural knowledge. This article represents two research-based and empirically tested approaches: the educational...