Experimental infections of Lymnaea truncatula with a digenean species (Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica, or Paramphistomum daubneyi) were performed under laboratory conditions to study the effect of four sources of food (microalgae, romaine lettuce, wheat germs, or modified Boray diet) on cercarial production. The mean number of F. hepatica, F. gigantica, or P. daubneyi cercariae was significant...

Indonesia is a granary for palm oil, the largest producer of crude oil (CPO) in world still faced with problem scarcity, soaring cooking prices. The Role and Functions Ministry Trade Republic Overcoming High Scarcity Cooking Oil Indonesia.
 Data analysis was carried out using an based on Tackling Indonesia. purpose this study to examine analyze role function As benefits research academical...

Papua New Guinea (PNG)’s economy is weathering the pandemic well, despite many challenges. Real GDP in 2022 projected to exceed its 2019 level, and medium-term outlook positive, supported by investment (and revenues from) resource sector. The war Ukraine impacting PNG through higher commodity prices inflation, with former leading a stronger balance of payments fiscal revenues, since large produ...

How does an unexpected domestic monetary expansion affect the foreign economy? Does it induce an increase or a decline in foreign production? In the traditional two-country Mundell-Fleming model, monetary policy has «beggar-thy-neighbor» effects. Yet, empirical evidence from VARs indicates that U.S. monetary policy has positive international transmission effects on both foreign (non-U.S. G-7) o...

Ageing typically leads to various memory deficits which results in older adults' tendency to remember more general information and rely on gist memory. The current study examined if younger and older adults could remember which of two comparable grocery items (e.g., two similar but different jams) was paired with a lower price (the "better buy"). Participants studied lists of grocery items and ...

Abstract Constantly rising expenditures for pharmaceuticals require government intervention in firms’ pricing decisions. To this end, reference systems are a frequently employed regulatory mechanism. This paper considers duopoly market with vertically differentiated firms highlighting the effects of system on prices, consumer and producer surplus, welfare. Reference decreases equilibrium prices...

For electricity market participants trading in sequential markets with differences in price levels and risk exposure, coordinated bidding is highly relevant. We consider a Nordic power producer who engages in the day-ahead spot market and the near real-time balancing market. In both markets, clearing prices and dispatched volumes are unknown at the time of bidding. However, in the balancing mar...

We examine the effects of coordinated trade-tax reforms and isolated tariff reforms on market access, government revenue and welfare for a small monetary economy, under the assumption that a certain fraction of purchases of each good must be financed with cash held in advance. Moreover, we allow for this fraction of purchases to vary across markets, in the sense that the required amount of mone...

Optimal producer behavior is examined in the production of products which may be regarded as growing inventories. Any one of several types of livestock produced by farm firms provides an example of such a product. This study focuses on the broiler producing firm. Weight-feed relations, derived from underlying weight and feed "growth functions," are regarded as deterministic. Broiler firms are a...