A series of assays were conducted to determine to the available energy of several meat and bone meal products by various methods. The correct determination of the energy available to poultry from these products is important for accurate diet formulation and product usage. Several methods for determining energy availability are utilized, including true metabolizable energy (TME) and excreta and ...

BACKGROUND The current food system generates about 25 % of total greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), including deforestation, and thereby substantially contributes to the warming of the earth's surface. To understand the association between food and nutrient intake and GHGE, we therefore need valid methods to assess diet-related GHGE in observational studies. METHODS Life cycle assessment (LCA) ...

Since our previous publication (17) on this subject, several articles have appeared in which other explanations of cottonseed-meal poisoning have been offered. Thus, Rommel and Vedder (14) have suggested that poisoning by cottonseed meal is similar to beriberi, and is caused by deficient diets. This view was based on the similarity of post-mortem symptoms noted in pigs fed on rice and tankage. ...

BACKGROUND To provide an initial evaluation of insulin sensitivity and secretion indices derived from a standard liquid meal tolerance test protocol in subjects with normal (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Areas under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin and C-peptide from pre-meal to 120 min after consumption of a liquid meal were calculated, as were...

Value-added traits of alfalfa are needed to provide farmers new high value profitable products. Processing alfalfa to obtain value added products includes three different fractionation methods: 1) wet fractionation; separation into juice fraction and a fiber fraction, 2) dry fractionation; separation into leaves and stems, and 3) fractionation by passage of the whole herbage through the digesti...