It has been observed that optimization codes are sometimes able to solve state constrained optimal control problems with discretizations which do not converge when used as an integrator on the constrained dynamics. Understanding this phenomenon could lead to a more robust design for direct transcription codes as well as better test problems. This paper examines how this phenomena can occur. The...

An adaptive method based on the trapezoidal rule for the numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind is developed. The choice of mesh points is made automatically so as to equidistribute both the chauge in the discrete solution and its gradient. Some numerical experiments with this method are presented.

Ganesan and Veeramani [Fuzzy linear programs with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, Annals of Operations Research 143 (2006) 305-315.] proposed a new method for solving a special type of fuzzy linear programming problems. In this paper a new method, named as Mehar’s method, is proposed for solving the same type of fuzzy linear programming problems and it is shown that it is easy to apply the Mehar’s m...

In this article we consider a non-standard finite difference method for numerical solution of linear Fredholm integro-differential equations. The non-standard finite difference method and the repeated / composite trapezoidal quadrature method are used to transform the Fredholm integrodifferential equation into a system of non-linear algebraic equations. The numerical experiments on some linear ...

in this paper, we studied the numerical solution of nonlinear weakly singular volterra-fredholm integral equations by using the product integration method. also, we shall study the convergence behavior of a fully discrete version of a product integration method for numerical solution of the nonlinear volterra-fredholm integral equations. the reliability and efficiency of the proposed scheme are...

It is generally agreed that of all quadrature formulae, the trapezoidal rule, while being the simplest, is also the least accurate. There is, however, a rather general class of integrals for which the trapezoidal rule can be shown to be a highly accurate means of obtaining numerical values. Specifically, if the integrand is a periodic, even function with all derivatives continuous, then the int...

In this paper, we prove new distance properties between a fuzzy number and its trapezoidal approximation preserving the expected interval. Then, we find the best Lipschitz constant of the trapezoidal approximation operator preserving the expected interval. Finally, we use this result in finding within a reasonable error the trapezoidal approximation of a fuzzy number preserving the expected int...