background and objectives: milk thistle (silybum marianum), a medicinal plant of the asteraceae family that have been used long time ago, in the treatment of liver disease. sowing date of this plant has not been determined, therefore, this study was necessary. this plant was identified as a weed, this plant is identified as a weed, while silymarin in the seeds are used in the anti-hepatitis and...

The design of physical (plant) and control aspects of a dynamic system have traditionally been treated as two separate problems, often solved in sequence. Optimizing plant and control design disciplines separately results in sub-optimal system designs that do not capitalize on the synergistic coupling between these disciplines. This coupling is inherent in most actively controlled dynamic syste...

this research aims to evaluate the effects of seed scarification on five perennialastragalus species including a. effusus, a. vegetus, a. subsecundus, a. brevidens and a.cyclophyllon in the field conditions. seeds were sown after scarification with sandpaper byhand in the field of homand absard rangeland research station, damavand, iran in autumnin 2008. the seeds were sown using split plot des...

heavy metals contamination is a major environmental problem which requires immediate human attention. the use of plant species to remove pollutants from soils, generally defined as phytoextraction. in order to evaluate phytoextraction of contaminated soils, a pot experiment conducted using two plants barley, canola three kinds of heavy metals (cd, pb, ni) with 3 levels in a completely randomize...

phytoextraction is a remediation technology that uses plants to remove heavy metals from soil. the success of a phytoextraction process depends on adequate plant yield (aerial parts) and high metal concentrations in plant shoots. a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the combination effects of plants [sunflower (helianthus annuus) and canola (brassica napus)] with soil treatments (manur...

the purposes of this research were to the evaluation of resistance to nickel and cadmium in 52 indigenous and non-indigenous strains of contaminated soils and a study of growth promoting characteristics of some resistant isolates. resistance test at three levels of cadmium (0, 100, 200 mg l-1) and five levels of nickel (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg l-1) in the framework of a completely randomized ...

This study examined the relationship between lean job design and work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risk factors. Repetition, force, and posture were assessed for a sample of 56 production jobs across departments at a lean automobile-manufacturing plant and compared to 56 similar jobs at a traditional automobile-manufacturing plant. The results showed greater productivity in the lean ...

Virtual manufacturing (VM) has been studied in various activities of manufacturing. The objectives of the studies depend on the nature of investigation: ranging from optimization of product and process design, workplace design, simulation of plant operation and layouts, to improvement of manual operations in ergonomic studies. VM helps to shorten the product development process by its ability o...