mamoto et al. address in their elegantly simple study. Few human ills have seemed as hopelessly intractable They first established a line of mice carrying a transgene as neurodegenerative diseases. Until recently, there has with the tetO bidirectional promoter flanked by a lacZ been little reason for optimism that we might halt the reporter gene and exon 1 of huntingtin (htt) containing degener...

Coronary CT angiography (CTA) allows for noninvasive assessment of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and is widely used for ruling out significant CAD in patients who have chest pain symptom. However, coronary calcium substantially attenuates X-ray penetration, causing “blooming” artifacts that obscure the coronary lumen on CTA. Coronary MRA has several important advantages over cardia...

Contract has been conceptualized as a species of promise. This prevailing approach obscures essential differences between legally binding and everyday, or “private,” promises. The moral character of a private promise depends on the fact that it is not only freely made but also freely kept. Contractual promises are not intended to have and do not have this voluntary character. In making a privat...

For a number of disease entities, oxidative stress becomes a significant factor in the etiology and progression of cell dysfunction and injury. Therapeutic strategies that can identify novel signal transduction pathways to ameliorate the toxic effects of oxidative stress may lead to new avenues of treatment for a spectrum of disorders that include diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's dise...

In the present issue of the journal, Makoto Noda and colleagues present a screening assay for anti-cancer drugs based on tumor reversion, identifying a series of hitherto unsuspected compounds that are of potential therapeutic interest. More specifically, the assay is based upon triggering the promoter of Reck, which functions as an inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Among the pharmaceutical agen...

We are witnessing an unprecedented and rapid expansion in the elderly populations of the developed and developing worlds. The effects of age-related frailty, disability, and disease combine to present an immense and growing cost to society in terms of health and social service expenditure, impaired quality of life, and physical and emotional suffering. Research that can lead to novel interventi...

A b s t r a c t The f i r s t p a r t of t h i s paper g i v e s r e s u l t s about promise problems. A "promise problem" i s a formulation of a p a r t i a l d e c i s i o n problem t h a t i s u s e f u l f o r d e s c r i b i n g cracking problems f o r public-key cryptosystems (PKCS). We prove t h a t every NP-hard promise problem i s uniformly NP-hard, and w e show t h a t a number of r e...

In this note, we show that quantum finite automata can be polynomially more succinct than their classical counterparts for promise problems in case of exact computation. Additionally, in terms of language recognition, the same result is shown to be valid up to a constant factor depending on how bigger the size of the alphabet is.