Paclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most effective drugs used in treatment breast cancer. Nonetheless, appearance MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) tumor cells has become a significant hindrance for efficacious chemotherapy. In this study, we show that expression level Egr-1 (early growth response gene-1) cancer tissues (from paclitaxel chemotherapy failure patients) and MCF-7/PTX (the cell line was res...

The MeltPro TB/INH assay, recently approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration, is a closed-tube, dual-color, melting curve analysis-based, real-time PCR test specially designed to detect 30 isoniazid (INH) resistance mutations in katG position 315 (katG 315), the inhA promoter (positions -17 to -8), inhA position 94, and the ahpC promoter (positions -44 to -30 and -15 to 3) of Mycobac...

Understanding the strengths and limitations of alternative models, such as the Tg.AC assay, for evaluation of the potential carcinogenicity of pharmaceuticals requires assessment of assay specificity through studies that specifically target biologically active compounds that are known to not be carcinogens in rodents. To identify drugs that might provoke a false positive response in the Tg.AC a...

We have previously reported that the exposure of human HepG2 cells to hypoxic conditions results in the overexpression of human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNA whose size is 6.0 kb. This particular size of IGF-II mRNA is transcribed under the control of the IGF-II P3 promoter. In the present study, to delineate the molecular mechanism for the activation of the IGF-II gene, we examin...

background: vhl (von hippel-lindau), runx-3 (runt-related transcription factor 3), e-cadherin (epithelial cadherin), p15 (ink4a, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor), and p16 (ink4b) genes are essential in hematopoiesis. the aim of this study was to explore the correlation between gene expression and promoter methylation in cd34+ stem cells before and after differentiation to erythroid lineage. m...

Thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor, c-Mpl, play the crucial role during megakaryocytopoiesis. Previously, we have shown that the promoter activity of c-mpl induced by TPO is modulated by transcription through a PKC-dependent pathway and that GATA(-77) is involved as a positive regulatory element in TPO-induced c-mpl gene expression in the megakaryoblastic CMK cells. In this research, to exam...

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) an agro-economically important food crop in the world, is sensitive to many fungal pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3), the causal agent of stem and root rot diseases. Chitinase and glucanase are cell wall degrading enzymes which have been shown to have high antifungal activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. In the present study, plasmid p...

A luciferase reporter system with stably transfected oriP plasmids in Akata Burkitt's lymphoma cells provides a quantitative assay for the BZLF1 Zp promoter in response to B-cell receptor (BCR) activation by cross-linking with anti-immunoglobulin. In this system, detailed kinetic studies of promoter activity are possible. Previously reported promoter elements upstream of -221 from the transcrip...

Transient assay systems using protoplasts have been utilized in several plant species and are a powerful tool for rapid functional gene analysis and biochemical manipulations. A protoplast system has not been used in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), even though it is a bioenergy crop that has received considerable attention. Here we report the first protocol to isolate large numbers of viable...

Human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1/SLC22A1) plays important roles in the hepatic uptake of cationic drugs. The functional characteristics of this transporter have been well evaluated, but molecular information regarding transcriptional regulation is limited. In the present study, therefore, we examined the gene regulation of OCT1 gene focusing on basal core expression. An approximately 2....