Two-dimensional angular distribution of terahertz emission from single-color filamentation laser pulses is experimentally studied. The use a polypropylene pipe makes it possible to transform the pattern radiation original hollow-cone one more preferable unimodal structure within frequency range. It has been shown that propagation in dielectric can significantly (up several orders magnitude) inc...

Fracture propagation, especially for fractures emanating from inclined wellbores and closed natural fracture often involves Mode I, Mode II, and at times Mode III fracture pattern simultaneously. In this paper a Virtual Multidimensional Internal Bond (VMIB) model is presented to simulate 3D mixedmode fracture propagation. To represent the contact and friction between fracture surfaces, a threed...

Background: Proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be a treatment for infertile men. Here, we design an efficient method based on culturing in the presence of Sertoli cells to improve the expression level of some specific spermatogonia stem cell genes during two weeks post culture. Materials and Methods: Cells were derived from neonatal (2-6 days old) mice testes and were cultur...

Tonic-clonic seizures represent a common pattern of epileptic discharges, yet the relationship between the various phases of the seizure remains obscure. Here we contrast propagation of the ictal wavefront with the propagation of individual discharges in the clonic phase of the event. In an in vitro model of tonic-clonic epilepsy, the afterdischarges (clonic phase) propagate with relative unifo...