p-Cycles can attain high capacity efficiency and fast protection switching times in WDM networks. The number of deployed p-cycles and the ability to survive dual fiber duct failures are further important characteristics which are considered in a pan-European network case study. We show that the dual failure restorability and the protection capacity can vary significantly for cycle-configuration...

Results of lidar modeling based on spatial-angular filtering efficiency criteria are presented. Their analysis shows that the low spatial-angular filtering efficiency of traditional visible and near-infrared systems is an important cause of low signal/background-radiation ratio (SBR) at the photodetector input The low SBR may be responsible for considerable measurement errors and ensuing the lo...

Attribute based encryption (ABE) has been widely applied for secure data protection in various data sharing systems. However, the efficiency of existing ABE schemes is not high enough since running encrypt and decrypt algorithms need frequent bilinear pairing operations, which may occupy too much computing resources on terminal devices. What's more, since different users may share the same attr...

This paper highlights network survivable schemes in order to guarantee both protection and restoration in high speed networks. In this paper, a hybrid protection and restoration mechanism has been proposed whose objective is allocating the bandwidth in a way that minimizes the total amount of bandwidth used for working and protection paths. In the proposed mechanism, path-based protection has b...

The availability of an optical connection is considered to be a critical service differentiator in WDM optical networks. In this regard, the design of a protection scheme that improves the availability of high priority optical connections and makes efficient use of optical resources is a major challenge faced by optical network operators. In a previous study, we proposed the so-called priority-...

Given self-protection from an undesirable environmental externality, we examine. under several conditions, the efficiency properties of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. We demonstrate that if self-protection can transfer the externality to another agent, then noncooperative behavior will lead to overprotection. If self-protection filters or dilutes the externality, then noncooperation l...

The corrosion protection factor (c.p.f.) and the corrosion condition (cc.) are simple instruments for the study and evaluation of the contribution and efficiency of several methods of corrosion prevention and control. The application of c.p.f. and cc. to corrosion and prevention in agriculture in The Netherlands is considered in detail. Attention is paid to relations between c.p.f. and c.c., th...

Green Marketing is becoming a buzz for the society nowadays and people start shifting their demands towards a product which is related towards environmental safeguard. Nowadays companies from different industries sectors are showing their keen interest and taking various initiatives towards green marking. Electronic products having eco safeguard and are less detrimental to the environment are l...