Background: Currently, there are no effective vaccines against leishmaniasis, and treatment using pentavalent antimonial drugs is occasionally effective and often toxic for patients. The PTR1 enzyme, which causes antifolate drug resistance in Leishmania parasites encoded by gene pteridine reductase 1 (ptr1). Since Leishmania lacks pteridine and folate metabolism, it cannot synthesize the pterid...

Background & Aim:Extracts of Roselle calyx,   possess compounds which could be considered as a great source of natural antioxidants.   In this project, antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds content and their   correlation analysis on calices of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was investigated.  Experimental: Total polyphenolic compound, flavonoids and anthoc...

  Objective(s): This study aimed to find out whether the chick cardiomyocyte micromass (MM) system could be employed to predict the teratogenecity of common environmental factors. Different multivitamins and over the counter drugs were used in this study.   Materials and Methods: White Leghorn 5-day-old embryo hearts were dissected and trypsinized to produce a cardiomyocyte cell suspension in D...

The full-length coat protein gene of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) isolates from Iran was characterized byreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and sequencing. The expected 1515 bp coatprotein (CP) gene amplicon was obtained for 16 isolates out of 89 that were identified by double antibodysandwich enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (DASELISA) in a population ...

A fluorescence polarization assay can be used to evaluate the strength of a protein-protein interaction. A green fluorescent protein variant is fused to one of the protein partners. The formation of a complex is then deduced from an increase in fluorescence polarization, and the equilibrium dissociation constant of the complex is determined in a homogeneous aqueous environment. The assay is dem...

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Protein kinase Cε (PKCε) is an isoform that most effectively suppresses amyloid beta (Aβ) production and synaptic loss. Methods: In this study, spatial learning and memory for treated rats were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. The activity ...

Background: Transient and stable transformation of host plants are the common techniques to produce transgenic plants. However, the main drawback of stable transformation is the fact that it takes quite a long time to produce a transgenic line. While, transient gene expression is a quick method to produce recombinant proteins in plants.  Objective: The main goal of the present study was to eva...