The high prevalence of anthropometric measurements and laboratory values that are similar to those in patients with protein-energy malnutrition has lead to the classification of a large number of dialysis patients as being malnourished. However, malnutrition in the strict sense implies that abnormalities will be reversed if more food is eaten. There is virtually no evidence, however, that simpl...

Cerebral accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is thought to play a key role in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Three secretases (β-, γ-, and α-secretase) are proteases that control the production of Aβ from amyloid precursor protein. Increasing evidence suggests that cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains termed 'lipid rafts' are involved in the biogenesis and accumulatio...

The purpose was to compare changes in lean tissue mass, strength, and myofibrillar protein catabolism resulting from combining whey protein or soy protein with resistance training. Twenty-seven untrained healthy subjects (18 female, 9 male) age 18 to 35 y were randomly assigned (double blind) to supplement with whey protein (W; 1.2 g/kg body mass whey protein + 0.3 g/kg body mass sucrose power,...

To evaluate the effects of amount and profile amino acid (AA) on milk protein yield (MPY), mammary metabolism, efficiency nitrogen use (ENU), ten cows were used in 5 × replicated Latin squares fed a positive control (16.1% crude protein-CP) or two lower CP diets (14.6 13.2%) with without essential AA (EAA) infusion. The EAA solutions provided predicted limiting each treatment continuously infus...

Here we determined the role of various genomic islands in E. coli K1 interactions with phagocytic A. castellanii and nonphagocytic brain microvascular endothelial cells. The findings revealed that the genomic islands deletion mutants of RS218 related to toxins (peptide toxin, α -hemolysin), adhesins (P fimbriae, F17-like fimbriae, nonfimbrial adhesins, Hek, and hemagglutinin), protein secretion...

A mutant of Escherichia coli lacking leucyl,phenylalanyl-tRNA:protein leucyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.6) exhibited several abnormal growth characteristics relative to the wild type or a revertant when grown with glycerol as a carbon source. All three strains were auxotrophic for proline. The mutant required higher levels of this amino acid than did the other strains to attain a normal growth yield ...

Factor D (D) is an essential component of the alternative complement pathway. To determine whether D is catabolized by the kidney and, if so, at what site, we studied the renal handling of human D by in vivo nephron microperfusion and in vitro perfusion of rat kidneys. Human D was purified and labeled with 125I. Individual nephrons were perfused in vivo at varying rates with perfusate that cont...

BACKGROUND Epidural blockade with local anesthetic has been shown to blunt the increase in plasma glucose concentration during and after abdominal surgery. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that epidural blockade inhibits this hyperglycemic response by attenuating endogenous glucose production. The authors further examined if the modification of glucose production by epidural bloc...

Metabolism of surfactant protein (SP) A and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was assessed in alveolar macrophages isolated from granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulated factor (GM-CSF) gene-targeted [GM(-/-)] mice, wild-type mice, and GM(-/-) mice expressing GM-CSF under control of the SP-C promoter element (SP-C-GM). Although binding and uptake of (125)I-SP-A were significantly increased ...