The transport of secretory proteins from membrane-bound polysomes to extracellular space is a key activity in a variety of cells ; nevertheless, it is still incompletely understood. Much of the available information has come from a limited number of mammalian tissues, especially pancreas (1, 2, 3, 4) . The zymogen cells of silk moth galea are unusually favorable for studies of secretory protein...

Bile acid synthesis occurs mainly via two pathways: the "classic" pathway, initiated by microsomal cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and an "alternative" (acidic) pathway, initiated by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27). CYP27 is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where cholesterol content is very low. We hypothesized that cholesterol transport into mitochondria may be rate-limiting...

In the present study, using anti-sense oligonucleotides the inhibition of expression of the PML protein hasbeen investigated. The anti-sense oligonucleotides were designed against the translation initiation site ofthe PML gene, and their effects were investigated on cellular growth and DNA synthesis. Incubation of normalhuman fibroblast cells with the anti-sense oligonucleotid...

Cefiderocol is a cephalosporin designed to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. By forming chelated complex with ferric iron, cefiderocol transported into the periplasmic space via bacterial iron transport systems and primarily binds penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis. This mode of action results in having greater vitro activity against many bacil...

The transport of specific mRNAs and local control of translation in neuronal dendrites represent an important gene expression system that provides localized protein synthesis in dendrites at just the right time and place. It is believed that this system controls the location at which neurites will connect to each other, thereby forming neural networks. Our main interest is to understand the mec...

The mediated transport of citrate in Aerobacter aerogenes was studied. According to data obtained by examining the distribution of radioactive citrate at room temperature and at 0 C, a carrier system appears to be located on the membrane. The carrier system is inducible and very specific, not acting on the related compounds isocitrate and cis-aconitate. Induction required synthesis of both ribo...

Rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. Produced Hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of Methane by methanogenesis. Nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

Bacterial cell growth necessitates synthesis of peptidoglycan. Assembly of this major constituent of the bacterial cell wall is a multistep process starting in the cytoplasm and ending in the exterior cell surface. The intracellular part of the pathway results in the production of the membrane-anchored cell wall precursor, Lipid II. After synthesis this lipid intermediate is translocated across...

We have explored the use of the Na+-H+ ionophore monensin as a potential tool for the investigation of membrane assembly and transport in retinal photoreceptors. Autoradiographic analysis of frog retinas incubated with [3H]leucine in the presence of monensin revealed a lack of concentrated silver grains ("bands") at the base of the rod outer segments, in contrast to controls. This is indicative...

1. Amino acid deprivation of confluent monolayers of the bovine renal epithelial cell line NBL-1 causes a stimulation of Na(+)-dependent alanine transport. 2. This stimulation is mediated by a protein-synthesis-dependent induction of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (methyl-AIB)-sensitive alanine transport activity (System A), which was not previously present in these cells. 3. Induction was prev...