A major challenge of invasion biology lies in the development of a predictive understanding of invasion processes. Attempts to identify the proximate causes of invasion success or to predict rates of spread seldom emphasize behavioral characteristics. Recent experimental work, however, illustrates that insight into the proximate causes of animal invasions often hinges on a careful assessment of...

The proximate composition of pen shell adductor muscle (PSAM) was determined, and its nutrition value was evaluated. Proximate composition analysis indicated that PSAM contained 91.07% (w/w) protein, 5.77% (w/w) ash, and 2.46% (w/w) fat. Calcium was the predominant mineral followed by zinc and then iron. The amino acid profile was in accordance with the recommended pattern of FAO/WHO except for...

Androgens and Diversity in Adult Human Partnering be adaptive? While theorizing at the ultimate level can guide our empirical research at the proximate level in terms of hypothesis generation, understanding the proximate mechanisms is really a prerequisite to proposing ultimate explanations, While this may seem tautological to some, it is no less a derivative of scientific method than in any ot...

Heparin and heparan sulfate contain a rare 3-O-sulfoglucosamine residue critical for anticoagulation and virus recognition, respectively. The glycosidic linkage proximate to this 3-O-sulfoglucosamine is resistant to cleavage by all heparin lyases (Heps). HepII has a broad specificity. The crystal structure of the wild type HepII identified its active site and showed a close spatial proximity be...

Watermelon seed full-fat (WMSF) and watermelon seed meal (WMSM) samples were analyzed for proximate composition and then incorporated in broiler chicks diets at increasing levels up to 20%. Feeding increasing levels of WMSF to broiler chicks for up to 20% increased weight gain (P

The study was carried out to determine the proximate and quantitative phytochemical analysis of two species Detarium microcarpum from Kano state, north-western Nigeria. Proximate composition sample A shows a moisture content 13.86±0.002, Ash 3.73±0.030, lipid 9.40±0.059, crude protein 21.20±0.360, fiber 4.52±0.038 carbohydrate 47.50±1.06, while B 14.32±0.082, 2.27±0.360, 4.72±0.372, 17.88±0.102...

highly tractable subjects for research in behavior and ecology. Studies of Eurasian tits and North American chickadees have made substantial contributions to our understanding of breeding phenology (Chapter 4; Chapter 5), food-storing (Chapter 2; Chapter 3), social behavior (Chapter 9), communication (Section III), foraging, and other topics. More recently, research on the Paridae has begun to ...

A discrete-time sliding mode proximate time-optimal servomechanism is developed using nonlinear sliding mode tangent to a reference velocity profile. Instead of a strong nonlinear function causing control chattering in discrete-time, a linear control is designed around the sliding surface. The resulting servomechanism delivers a bounded motion about the sliding surface even in the presence of p...

A shifting zone of hybridization between two chickadee species helps us understand the proximate mechanisms driving species responses to climate change.