The human body is constantly challenged by a variety of commensal and pathogenic micro-organisms that trigger the immune system. Central in the first line of defence is the pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced stimulation of the NFκB pathway, leading to NFκB activation. The subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or antimicrobial peptides results in recruitment of professi...

The transport of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) to various organelles has emerged as an essential means by which innate immunity is regulated. While most of our knowledge is restricted to regulators that promote the transport of newly synthesized receptors, the regulators that control TLR transport after microbial detection remain unknown. Here, we report that the plasma membrane localized Pattern ...

In this paper we analyse congestion in TCP over ATM-UBR, in particular the association between the congestion measures at the ATM physical and TCP transport layers. Two new indicators, protocol level congestion association factor (PLCAF) and CLR-PRR correlation coefficient are used. ATM cell loss ratio (CLR) and TCP packet retransmission ratio (PRR) are good measures of congestion at their resp...

To reach for something we see, the brain must integrate the target location with the limb to be used for reaching. Neuronal activity in the parietal reach region (PRR) located in the posterior parietal cortex represents targets for reaching. Does this representation depend on the limb to be used? We found a continuum of limb-dependent and limb-independent responses: some neurons represented tar...

RAD6 is known to suppress duplication-mediated gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) but not single-copy sequence mediated GCRs. Here, we found that the RAD6- and RAD18-dependent post-replication repair (PRR) and the RAD5-, MMS2-, UBC13-dependent error-free PRR branch acted in concert with the replication stress checkpoint to suppress duplication-mediated GCRs formed by homologous recombinati...

Distinct subregions of the posterior parietal cortex contribute to planning different movements. The parietal reach region (PRR) is active during the delay period of a memory-guided reach task but generally not active during a memory-guided saccade task. We explored whether the reach planning activity in PRR is related to remembering targets for reaches or if it is related to specifying the rea...

1. While-classical life-history theory does not predict post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS), it has been detected in a great number of taxa, leading to the view that it is a broadly conserved trait, and attempts to reconcile theory with these observations. We suggest an alternative: the apparently wide distribution of significant PRLS is an artifact of insufficient methods.2. PRLS is traditionall...

The interactions of ADP and the arginine enantiomers with arginine kinase have been investigated by measuring the enhancement of the longitudinal water proton relaxation rate (PRR) due to the paramagnetic Mn(I1) ion in the enzymesubstrate complexes. Anion effects on the kinetics of the forward reaction of arginine kinase, on the PRR of quaternary arginine kinase-MnADP-arginine complexes, and on...

Abstract The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) concept shows great potential for improving engine efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. However, the operation with this in Internal Combustion (IC) engines is still limited to low speed load conditions, as excessive Pressure Rise Rates (PRR) are generated its fast auto-ignition. To overcome limitation, use of moderate thermal ...