The consumption of a wide variety of substances determines, through different mechanisms, the onset of sleep disturbances, which has a considerable impact on the neurobiology of sleep-wake circadian rhythm. Many substances are widely used and easy to find, such as alcohol, nicotine and caffeine and are frequently the cause of degradation in quality and quantity of sleep. Furthermore, substance ...

The non-medical use of prescription medication for the pursuit of increasing cognitive and intellectual capacities (defined neuroenhancement) has received growing attention from the scientific community and policymakers alike. To date, limited qualitative data exist exploring the nature of the phenomenon, especially as a potentially emerging trend among university students in England. Existing ...

BACKGROUND Sociodemographic factors, alcohol and drug intake, and maternal health are known to be associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy for women with severe mental illness in addition to their use of psychotropic medication. In this study, we describe the demographic characteristics of women hospitalized for severe mental illness along with their use of medication and other drugs durin...

OBJECTIVES To examine the use of psychotropic drugs in 24 rural and urban long-term care (LTC) facilities, and compare the effect of an education intervention for LTC staff and family members on the use of psychotropic drugs in intervention versus control facilities. METHODS Interrupted time series with a non-equivalent no-treatment control group time series. Data on drug use were collected i...

objectives: psychotropic drug use in the elderly with chronic schizophrenia is an important issue in the field of psychiatry. the main goal of this study was to clarify the pattern of such drug use in these patients, in order to consider such therapy plan and focus on its cost attributing measures, for a more reasonable quality of care program. methods: in this descriptive study, participants i...

BACKGROUND The use of psychotropic drugs has increased over recent years in France. GPs are the first prescribers, especially for older patients. AIM To analyse discrepancies between GPs' opinions and practice when prescribing psychotropic drugs to older patients. SETTING Postal surveys sent to GPs all over mainland France. DESIGN OF STUDY Cross-sectional postal study. METHOD A question...

BACKGROUND Despite increasing knowledge about the limited effectiveness and severe adverse effects, the prescription rate of psychotropic medications in frail elderly persons remains high. Prescriptions are mainly made to control behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, although factors associated with prescriptions are rarely reported. However, such information is a prerequisite to d...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare multiple psychotropic use among youths enrolled in two U.S. mid-Atlantic state Medicaid and state Children's Health Insurance Programs (SCHIP). METHODS Administrative data were used to examine multiple psychotropic use among youths less than 20 years of age and who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid or SCHIP programs in two states during 1999...

OBJECTIVES Little information exists on national trends in the use of psychotropic medication by children and adolescents. The objective of this report is to compare patterns and predictors of psychotropic medication use by children and adolescents in the United States in 1987 and 1996. METHOD An analysis of medication use data is presented from two nationally representative surveys of the ge...

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to examine rates and predictors of psychotropic use and multiclass polypharmacy among commercially insured children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). METHODS This retrospective observational study used administrative medical and pharmacy claims data linked with health plan enrollment and sociodemographic information from 2001 to 2009. Children w...