Maintaining a stable electrode potential is critical for patch-clamp measurements. The electrode potential of conventional patch electrode-holder assembly, where an Ag/AgCl wire is in direct contact with the patch pipette filling solution, is subject to drift if the pipette solution contains a low concentration of chloride ions (Cl-). We developed an agar bridge of 3 M KCl filled in a polyimide...

Sensory receptors often receive strongly dynamic, or time varying, inputs in their natural environments. Characterizing their dynamic properties requires control and measurement of the stimulus over a frequency range that equals or exceeds the receptor response. Techniques for dynamic stimulation of olfactory receptors have lagged behind other major sensory modalities because of difficulties in...

The safe practice of blood transfusion is dependent on the agglutination reaction, the visual recognition of the clumping of red cells as the result of antigen–antibody reactions. It is a simple technique which requires no more than a Pasteur pipette and a test tube to perform but which has led to the recognition of 26 major blood group systems and at least 270 different red cell phenotypes, an...

A density gradient dispenser has been developed, providing a fast, easy and convenient method for layering peripheral blood or bone marrow over a density gradient solution for the isolation of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells. The present approach is just the opposite of the conventional method of layering blood over a density gradient solution. In the conventional method a required amount of ...

Murine erythroid precursor cells, stimulated to proliferate in vitro in the absence of added erythropoietin (EP) by the anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA), will subsequently respond to EP by complete erythrocyte differentiation. If not exposed to EP, the erythroid cells divide for about 120 hr in culture, and they maintain the potential for full differentiation in response to EP added at any t...