From its initial development by Carlo Forlanini at the end of the nineteenth century until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s, artificial pneumothorax was one of the most widely used treatments for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, there were strongly held reservations about this therapy because of its risks and side effects. In the Soviet Union under Stalin, such uncertainties became instru...

BACKGROUND Little information is available about the association between bronchomalacia and historical or clinicopathologic data. Also, studies applying an endoscopic classification scheme that differentiates between static and dynamic bronchial collapse and based on a scoring system are lacking. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical presentation of bronchomalacia in dogs, to classify endoscopi...

Despite being set up in 1913 using a fund specifically earmarked for tuberculosis, the Medical Research Committee (renamed the Medical Research Council [MRC] in 1919) prioritised other areas of medical research. From 1920, the MRC did have three subcommittees concerned with tuberculosis: the Tuberculin Committee, the Bacteriology Committee and the Occupational Phthisis (pulmonary tuberculosis) ...

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is frequently used in the treatment of vertebral body fractures due to osteoporosis, vertebral body metastasis, or myeloma. Acrylic cement of polymethylmethacrylate injected into the vertebral body can leak into the paravertebral venous system and reach the pulmonary artery via the azygos vein leading to a cement pulmonary embolism. We are presenting a case of a 78 y...

The collateral circulation of the lung, i.e., that part of the bronchial flow which drains into the pulmonary veins, was studied by a heart-lung arrangement in which the lesser and systemic circuits of dogs could be perfused separately. In this preparation the collateral supply amounted to 0.5 to 1 per cent of the total arterial flow under approximately normal conditions. The changes in this co...

Forty-six cases of necropsy endomyocardialfibrosis are analysed and presented with the object of determining their prognosis after first symptoms of the disease. Survival from first symptoms rangedfrom 12 days to 12 years and 2 weeks, the mean survival being 24 months. The commonest mode of termination was by progressive myocardialfailure, very frequently associated with acute respiratory event...

cardiovascular surgery, pulmonary embolism remains the most serious postoperative complication. All efforts should be directed at eliminating the factors that contribute to its incidence. Recently, there has been a revival of interest in its treatment after Cooley and BealI1 reported the first successful pulmonary embolectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass in 1961. Around the same time hyperbaric...

At the beginning of the last century, Pasteur described postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, analysed postoperative pulmonary complications (PCC; see below) and noted: `when the true history of postoperative lung complications comes to be written, active collapse of the lung, from de®ciency of inspiratory power, will be found to occupy an important position among determining causes'. Indeed, at...

BACKGROUND Selection of patients for diagnostic tests for acute pulmonary embolism requires recognition of the possibility of pulmonary embolism on the basis of the clinical characteristics. Patients in the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II had a broad spectrum of severity, which permits an evaluation of the subtle characteristics of mild pulmonary embolism and the ch...

Echocardiography can be used as an easy, inexpensive, devoid of complications and, for the most part, universally available tool for the risk stratification of patient with acute pulmonary embolism. Because of its low sensibility, an echocardiogram is best indicated in a patient in whom hypotension and or shock are suspected to be due to pulmonary embolism. Pertinent findings in the echocardiog...