In order to better characterize the performance of trapped ion systems and ease experimental difficulties addressing individual ions, authors apply carefully-timed pulse sequences chains up 51 ions long. These techniques allow them generate entanglement between all neighboring pairs quantify mitigate sources decoherence in chains.

The principles of contrast mechanisms and fast pulse sequences underlying neurological and neuroradiological application of MRI are introduced in this part of a two-part review. In particular, the relaxation time constants T(1), T(2), and T(2) (*) are introduced, along with pulse sequences harnessing their contrast, spin-echo, fast spin echo (FSE), inversion recovery (IR), gradient recalled ech...

Laser ultrasound offers several benefits in comparison to immersion or air coupled ultrasound: it directly generates stress on the sample surface; has a wide bandwidth and small acoustic source can be produced. Conventionally, high power pulsed lasers are required therefore equipment is bulky expensive. Here we propose use mid-power laser diodes, which low cost. To solve signal amplitude proble...