It has 1-ccn shown that brain gangliosides are concentrated in microsomal fractions and in synaptic membranes (1-3) and that the increased respiratory responses of cere bral cortex slices to stimulation are inhibited by basic proteins such as histones and protannines and all:ylating agents which form covalent linkages in aqueous solutions with carboxylic and other acidic groupings (4, 5). inhib...

The emerging cognitive radio system can sense and adapt to the wireless environment in which it operates. Cognitive radio with intelligent capabilities of both radio link and network layers is capable of transmitting in an optimized way across the available signal dimensions allowing a potential huge increase in the prospects for spectrum efficiency, co-existence, compatibility and interoperabi...

center image in the painting by Salvador Dalí reproduced at the right, what do you see? Most people immediately perceive a man’s face, eyes gazing skyward and lips pursed under a bushy mustache. But when you look again, the image rearranges itself into a more complex tableau. The man’s nose and white mustache become the mobcap and cape of a seated woman. The glimmers in the man’s eyes reveal th...

encountered two articles on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which gave me an incentive for a comment. In the excellent review by MACKLEM [1], the role of a high respiratory rate in severe COPD is discussed, in particular with its consequence of dynamic hyperinflation and increased work of breathing. The author also addressed the need of proper instruction for the patients to avoid ...

Since Pepe and Marini1 first used the term auto-PEEP in 1982, many studies have been conducted in this field.2-5 For patients receiving mechanical ventilation, auto-PEEP is a common problem during the weaning process.2-4 Even in the acute stage of acute respiratory failure, patients may suffer from the detrimental effects of auto-PEEP.4,5 By definition, auto-PEEP occurs when air flow does not r...

as regional integration agreements (RIAs)—is one of the major international relations developments of recent years. Most industrial and developing countries in the world are members of a regional integration agreement, and many belong to more than one: more than one-third of world trade takes place within such agreements. 1 The structure of regional agreements varies hugely, but all have one th...

BACKGROUND This paper reviews evidence and quality of Systematic Reviews (SRs) on the effects of breathing control exercises (BCEs) and respiratory muscle training (RMT) on breathlessness/dyspnea and other symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS A search for BCE and RMT literature in COPD published between January 1, 2002 ...

O scar the Cat awakens from his nap, opening a single eye to survey his kingdom. From atop the desk in the doctor's charting area, the cat peers down the two wings of the nursing home's advanced dementia unit. All quiet on the western and eastern fronts. Slowly, he rises and extravagantly stretches his 2-year-old frame, first backward and then forward. He sits up and considers his next move. In...

We are biologically programmed to publicly display emotions as social cues and involuntary physiological reflexes: grimaces of disgust alert others to poisonous food, pursed lips and furrowed brows warn of mounting aggression, and spontaneous smiles relay our joy and friendship. Though designed to be public under evolutionary pressure, these signals were only seen within a few feet of our compa...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the only major chronic disease with increasing mortality [1], poses significant health care burden and resource use [2]. Pulmonary rehabilitation—a multidisciplinary, 6 to 8 week outpatient intervention that combines exercise with educational, behavioral, and psychosocial support—has emerged over the past decade as the gold standard for COPD care. N...