Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is a clonal, myeloproliferative disease that develops when a single, pluripotential, haemopoetic stem cell acquires the Philadelphia chromosome. CML was the first haematological malignancy to be associated with a specific genetic lesion. First recognised in 1 45, CML exhibits a consistent chromosomal abnormality in leukaemic cells, identified in 1960 by Nowell an...

Osteochondroma is a cartilage capped benign tumor developing mainly at the juxta-epiphyseal region of long bones. The rate of malignant transformation, mainly into chondrosarcoma, is estimated to be less than 1-3%. Transformation into osteosarcoma is very rare and has been reported only thirteen times. There is little information on treatment and outcome. We report the case of a secondary ...

We introduce a 78-year-old woman presented with thrombocytosis and high blast count who had a history of splenectomy. Her cytogenetic analysis revealed aberrant chromosomal rearrangements in different clonal populations harboring 46XX karyotype with t(9;22) (q34;q11). RT-PCR assay detected the e1a2 BCR-ABL translocation resulting from rearrangement of the minor breakpoint cluster region (m-bcr)...

The management of chronic myelogenous leukemia during pregnancy requires balancing the well-being of the mother with that of the fetus. We report a case of a 26-year-old lady who was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at 15 weeks gestation and who had an atypical chromosome t(9;22;11) (q34;q11.2;q13) translocation. She was observed through the remainder of the pregnancy and the d...

BCR-ABL fusion gene t(9;22)(q34;q11) occurs in only 3% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. Previously, less than 40% of Philadelphia-positive ALL patients were cured with intensive chemotherapy. The use of imatinib (340 mg/m(2)/day) added to an intensive chemotherapy regimen has improved the outcome in this population at 3 years to an event-free survival of 80%. Imatinib trea...

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome translocation which is classically observed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is sporadically found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In CML the translocation breakpoint on chromosome 22 is within the breakpoint cluster region, while in childhood ALL, no detectable change in breakpoint cluster region is routinely observed. In order to investigate the nature...

Does poverty lead to crime? We shed light on this question using two independent and exogenous shocks to household income in rural India: the dramatic reduction in import tariffs in the early 1990s and rainfall variations. We find that trade shocks, previously shown to raise relative poverty, also increased the incidence of violent crimes and property crimes. The relationship between trade shoc...