Next, we claim that x ∈ Qp is a square if and only if x = py for n ∈ Z, and y ∈ Zp a padic unit. One direction is obvious. The second direction is also fairly obvious–just refer to the previous case, and also note that p is itself NOT a square in Qp (since if it had a square root, then that square root would have valuation 12 ). We can conclude then that [ Qp : Q×2 p ] = 4, and is given by {1, ...

The Direction of a Reaction Suppose we have a reaction such as A + B ↔ C , which has come to equilibrium at some temperature τ . Now we raise the temperature. Does the equilibrium shift to the left (more A and B) or to the right (more C)? The heat of reaction at constant pressure, Qp, is the heat that must be supplied to the system if the reaction goes from left to right. If Qp > 0, heat is abs...

Recently, Busemeyer et al. (2011) presented a model for how the conjunction fallacy (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983) emerges, based on the principles of quantum probability (QP) theory. Pothos et al. (2013) extended this model to account for the main similarity findings of Tversky (1977), which have served as a golden standard for testing novel theories of similarity. However, Tversky’s (1977) empiri...

Theorem 1. Let L be a locally compact, nondiscrete topological field. a) Then L is a finite extension of one of the following fields: (i) K = R. (ii) K = Qp. (iii) K = Fp((t)). b) In case (i) L = R or L = C. c) In case (ii) the ramification index e(L/Qp) and residual degree f(L/Qp) are uniquely determined by the abstract field L, and for any given e, f ∈ Z, the number of finite extensions L/Qp ...

Let (QP ) be an integer quadratic program that consists in minimizing a quadratic function subject to linear constraints. In this paper, we present several linearizations of (QP ). Many linearization methods for the quadratic 0-1 programs are known. A natural approach when considering (QP ) is to reformulate it into a quadratic 0-1 program. However, this method, that we denote BBL (Binary Binar...

1. Hensel’s lemma 2. Metric definition of p-adic integers Zp and p-adic rationals Qp 3. Elementary/clumsy definitions of adeles A and ideles J 4. Uniqueness of objects characterized by mapping properties 5. Existence of limits 6. Zp and Ẑ as limits 7. Qp and A as colimits 8. Abelian solenoids (R×Qp)/Z[1/p] and A/Q 9. Non-abelian solenoids and SL2(Q)\SL2(A) Although we will also give the more ty...

The growing demand for advanced mobile multimedia let the wireless mobile internet access be developed rapidly. The current mobile network is capable of providing flexible quality of service mechanisms including exact estimation of network bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a new GOP level rate control algorithm which can accurately estimate an initial QP according to the estimated network ba...

The goal of teaching quantum physics (QP) in high school is a problematic and highly turbulent area divergent views, curricula studies, claims. innovative curricular approach discipline-culture (DC) suggests way overcoming its significant difficulties. It presenting QP as fundamental theory structured terms the nucleus, body, periphery. Applying this perspective our study, we interviewed nine e...

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp contains abundant polyphenols that are suitable materials for developing active packaging films. In this study, 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 of litchi extract (LPE) was added into quaternary ammonium chitosan (QAC) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to develop The structural, physical functional properties QAC-PVA (QP) films were compared with LPE (QP-LPE films) witho...

We study the p-adic algebraic groups G from definable topological-dynamical point of view. consider case where M is an arbitrary closed field and group over Qp admitting Iwasawa decompostion G=KB, K open definably compact Qp, B a Borel subgroup Qp. Our main result explicit description minimal subflow Ellis universal G(M)-flow SG(Mext). prove that SG(Mext) isomorphic to SB(Mext), which B/B0. As ...