Dark Matter is essential for structure formation in the late Universe so it must be stable on cosmological time scales. But how stable exactly? Only assuming decays into relativistic particles, we report an otherwise model independent bound on the lifetime of Dark Matter using current cosmological data. Since these decays affect only the low-` multipoles of the CMB, the Dark Matter lifetime is ...

(1) Corn is the most widely planted food crop, feed and economic crop in world, plays an important role agricultural production national economy development. The copine gene, also known as BONZAI encodes a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid membrane binding protein that present eukaryotes. It has been found negative regulator of disease resistance regulation key plants’ response. In this study, Agroba...

Background and Objectives: Muscular atrophy is one of the indicators of uncontrolled diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate effects of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) on myostatin gene expression in soleus muscles and insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In general, 14 Wistar male rats weighing 200–250 g and aging 8...

The Historical R-tree is a spatio-temporal access method aimed at the retrieval of window queries in the past. The concept behind the method is to keep an R-tree for each timestamp in history, but allow consecutive trees to share branches when the underlying objects do not change. New branches are only created to accommodate updates from the previous timestamp. Although existing implementations...

       The anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 is located in mitochondria, but it is uncertain whether its expression affects hepatocyte survival in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This experiment was designed to evaluate the role of folic acid in expression of bcl-2 in I/R in rat liver. Eighteen Wister rats were divided into sham-operated controlgroup (C) (n=6), I/R group (...

R-trees and related structures, like R-trees and R-trees, have been used to answer queries involving topological information about objects represented by their minimum bounding rectangles (MBRs). This paper describes how the R-tree method can be used for the storage and retrieval of direction relations. Direction relations deal with order in space, as for instance, left, above, north, southeast...

Paramutation is the meiotically heritable silencing of a gene that can occur in particular heterozygous combinations. The R-marbled (R-mb) haplotype is paramutagenic: it causes paramutable r1 haplotypes like R-r to become heritably silenced. R-mb was found to comprise three distinct r1 genes arranged as direct repeats. The most distal gene of R-mb, Scm, contains a novel transposable element, Sh...

We begin with establishing properties of the unit revenue function, g(·). Lemma 6. 1. g(·) is a non-negative, continuous, non-decreasing, and concave function on R+, with g(0) = 0. 2. yg(1/y) is non-decreasing and concave on R++. 3. g(y)/y is non-increasing on R+. 4. If u, v > 0, then g(u) g(v) ≥ min( u v , 1), 1 u ∫ u 0 g(v)dv ≤ g(u/2). Proof. 1. That g(·) is non-negative, continuous and non-d...